如何在PowerShell中为含特殊字符文件名的文件创建Windows快捷方式

WScript.Shell组件天生不支持Unicode路径，无法处理带表情符号、多语言字符的文件名，以下方案直接调用Windows底层Shell32的Unicode接口实现，兼容Windows 10/11全版本，和系统右键创建的快捷方式完全一致。

# 嵌入Shell32快捷方式实现代码
Add-Type @'
using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;

public class ShellShortcut
{
    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
    public struct WIN32_FIND_DATAW
    {
        public uint dwFileAttributes;
        public System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComTypes.FILETIME ftCreationTime;
        public System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComTypes.FILETIME ftLastAccessTime;
        public System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComTypes.FILETIME ftLastWriteTime;
        public uint nFileSizeHigh;
        public uint nFileSizeLow;
        public uint dwReserved0;
        public uint dwReserved1;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 260)]
        public string cFileName;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 14)]
        public string cAlternateFileName;
    }

    [Guid("000214F9-0000-0000-C000-000000000046")]
    [InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown)]
    public interface IShellLinkW
    {
        void GetPath([Out, MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] StringBuilder pszFile, int cchMaxPath, out WIN32_FIND_DATAW pfd, uint fFlags);
        void GetIDList(out IntPtr ppidl);
        void SetIDList(IntPtr pidl);
        void GetDescription([Out, MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] StringBuilder pszName, int cchMaxName);
        void SetDescription([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] string pszName);
        void GetWorkingDirectory([Out, MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] StringBuilder pszDir, int cchMaxPath);
        void SetWorkingDirectory([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] string pszDir);
        void GetArguments([Out, MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] StringBuilder pszArgs, int cchMaxPath);
        void SetArguments([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] string pszArgs);
        void GetHotkey(out ushort pwHotkey);
        void SetHotkey(ushort wHotkey);
        void GetShowCmd(out int piShowCmd);
        void SetShowCmd(int iShowCmd);
        void GetIconLocation([Out, MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] StringBuilder pszIconPath, int cchIconPath, out int piIcon);
        void SetIconLocation([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] string pszIconPath, int iIcon);
        void SetRelativePath([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] string pszPathRel, uint dwReserved);
        void Resolve(IntPtr hwnd, uint fFlags);
        void SetPath([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] string pszFile);
    }

    [Guid("00021401-0000-0000-C000-000000000046")]
    [ClassInterface(ClassInterfaceType.None)]
    public class ShellLinkClass { }

    public static void Create(string shortcutPath, string targetPath, string workingDirectory = null, string arguments = null, string description = null)
    {
        IShellLinkW link = (IShellLinkW)new ShellLinkClass();
        link.SetPath(targetPath);
        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(workingDirectory))
            link.SetWorkingDirectory(workingDirectory);
        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(arguments))
            link.SetArguments(arguments);
        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(description))
            link.SetDescription(description);
        var persistFile = (System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComTypes.IPersistFile)link;
        persistFile.Save(shortcutPath, true);
        Marshal.ReleaseComObject(link);
    }
}
'@

# 调用示例
[ShellShortcut]::Create(
    "F:\path\to\保存的快捷方式.lnk", # 替换为你的快捷方式输出路径
    "F:\目标文件路径\带表情😍的文件.txt" # 替换为带特殊字符的目标文件/文件夹路径
)

使用说明 #

• 该实现调用的是Windows官方公开的Win32接口，不存在版本兼容问题，Windows 10、Windows 11所有正式版均可正常运行
• 除了必填的两个路径参数外，还支持可选传入工作目录、启动参数、快捷方式描述三个参数，按需填写即可
• 所有路径均支持任意Unicode字符，包括表情符号、各国语言文字、特殊符号等，创建的快捷方式和系统右键生成的功能完全一致
• 如果需要自定义快捷方式图标，可在Create方法中扩展调用IShellLinkW的SetIconLocation方法即可实现

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者shox