如何在Python Pygame开发的游戏中正确实现动态云朵效果

错误点梳理 #

• Cloud类update方法语法错误：self.rect.x(-5, 0)的写法错误，rect.x是存储x坐标的数值属性，不是可调用方法，要实现云朵向左移动的效果应该改为self.rect.x -= 5
• 云朵生成事件配置错误：ADDCLOUD自定义事件和定时器的定义被错误放在了Cloud类内部，且主循环的事件监听逻辑没有处理该事件，导致无法定时生成新云朵
• 云朵资源未回收：没有设置云朵移出屏幕左侧后的销毁逻辑，会持续占用内存
• 重复调用update方法：主循环中已经通过all_sprites.update()执行了所有精灵的更新逻辑，额外单独调用clouds.update()会导致初始云朵每次循环移动两次，速度异常

修复后完整代码 #

from pygame.locals import *
import pygame
import os
import random

WIDTH = 1200
HEIGHT = 700
FPS = 60
usr_y = HEIGHT - 120
usr_x = WIDTH - 1120


BLUE = (0, 255, 255)
GREEN = (34, 89, 76)
NOTGREEN = (0, 128, 128)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)

pygame.init()
pygame.mixer.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("Mini-games")
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
icon = pygame.image.load('icon.png')
pygame.display.set_icon(icon)
player_img = pygame.image.load('Sonic.actionp1.png').convert()
pygame.mixer.music.load('Фоновая музыка.mp3')
pygame.mixer.music.play(-1)
clouds_jpg = pygame.image.load('Clouds.jpg').convert()

# 自定义事件移到类外部定义
ADDCLOUD = pygame.USEREVENT + 1
pygame.time.set_timer(ADDCLOUD, 1000)

class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.image = player_img
        self.image.set_colorkey(NOTGREEN)
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.centerx = usr_x
        self.rect.centery = usr_y
        self.y = self.rect.y

    def update(self):
        self.rect.y = round(self.y)
        self.speedx = 0
        keystate = pygame.key.get_pressed()
        if keystate[pygame.K_LEFT]:
            self.speedx = -8
        if keystate[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
            self.speedx = 8
        self.rect.x += self.speedx
        if self.rect.right > WIDTH:
            self.rect.right = WIDTH
        if self.rect.left < 0:
            self.rect.left = 0


class Clouds(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.image = clouds_jpg
        self.image.set_colorkey(WHITE)
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.centerx = random.randint(0, WIDTH)
        self.rect.centery = random.randint(HEIGHT - 550, HEIGHT - 100) # 避免云刷到地面区域

    def update(self):
        self.rect.x -= 5
        # 移出屏幕左侧后自动销毁
        if self.rect.right < 0:
            self.kill()


all_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
cloud_group = pygame.sprite.Group() # 单独建云朵组方便后续扩展逻辑
player = Player()
all_sprites.add(player)

jump = False
counter = -20
        

def make():
    global  usr_y, counter, jump
    if counter >=  -20:
        player.y -= counter 
        counter -= 1
    else:
        counter = 20
        jump = False


running = True
while running:
    clock.tick(FPS) 
    for event in pygame.event.get(): 
        if event.type == KEYDOWN:    
            if event.key == K_ESCAPE:
                running = False
            elif event.key == K_SPACE:
                jump = True
        elif event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                running = False
        # 新增监听生成云朵的事件
        elif event.type == ADDCLOUD:
            new_cloud = Clouds()
            all_sprites.add(new_cloud)
            cloud_group.add(new_cloud)

    if jump:
        make()
                                             
    all_sprites.update()
    screen.fill(BLUE)
    all_sprites.draw(screen)
    pygame.display.flip()


pygame.quit()

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Вильдан Латыпов