Android Studio无法启动，4.1版本报Haxm初始化错误且提示SDK缺失

问题背景 #

• 最新版Android Studio安装后启动仅弹出start failed空白窗口，无法进入主程序，需通过任务管理器强制结束进程
• 降级至4.1版本后启动抛出如下异常：

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.android.tools.idea.welcome.install.Haxm
    at com.android.tools.idea.updater.configure.ToolComponentsPanel.<clinit>(ToolComponentsPanel.java:65)
    at com.android.tools.idea.updater.configure.SdkUpdaterConfigPanel.$$$setupUI$$$(SdkUpdaterConfigPanel.java)
    at com.android.tools.idea.updater.configure.SdkUpdaterConfigPanel.<init>(SdkUpdaterConfigPanel.java:211)
    at com.android.tools.idea.updater.configure.SdkUpdaterConfigurable.createComponent(SdkUpdaterConfigurable.java:129)
    at com.intellij.openapi.options.ex.ConfigurableWrapper.createComponent(ConfigurableWrapper.java:162)
    at com.intellij.openapi.options.ex.ConfigurableCardPanel.lambda$createConfigurableComponent$4(ConfigurableCardPanel.java:109)
    at com.intellij.openapi.application.impl.ApplicationImpl.runReadAction(ApplicationImpl.java:894)
    at com.intellij.openapi.application.ReadAction.compute(ReadAction.java:61)
    at com.intellij.openapi.options.ex.ConfigurableCardPanel.createConfigurableComponent(ConfigurableCardPanel.java:105)
    at com.intellij.openapi.options.ex.ConfigurableCardPanel.lambda$create$0(ConfigurableCardPanel.java:54)
    at com.intellij.openapi.application.impl.ApplicationImpl.runReadAction(ApplicationImpl.java:894)
    at com.intellij.openapi.application.ReadAction.compute(ReadAction.java:61)
    at com.intellij.openapi.options.ex.ConfigurableCardPanel.create(ConfigurableCardPanel.java:53)
    at com.intellij.openapi.options.newEditor.ConfigurableEditor$1.create(ConfigurableEditor.java:51)
    at com.intellij.openapi.options.newEditor.ConfigurableEditor$1.create(ConfigurableEditor.java:48)
    at com.intellij.ui.CardLayoutPanel.createValue(CardLayoutPanel.java:73)
    at com.intellij.ui.CardLayoutPanel.select(CardLayoutPanel.java:101)
    at com.intellij.ui.CardLayoutPanel.lambda$null$0(CardLayoutPanel.java:117)
    at com.intellij.openapi.application.TransactionGuardImpl$2.run(TransactionGuardImpl.java:201)
    at com.intellij.openapi.application.impl.ApplicationImpl.runIntendedWriteActionOnCurrentThread(ApplicationImpl.java:831)
    at com.intellij.openapi.application.impl.ApplicationImpl.lambda$invokeLater$4(ApplicationImpl.java:310)
    at com.intellij.openapi.application.impl.FlushQueue.doRun(FlushQueue.java:80)
    at com.intellij.openapi.application.impl.FlushQueue.runNextEvent(FlushQueue.java:128)
    at com.intellij.openapi.application.impl.FlushQueue.flushNow(FlushQueue.java:46)
    at com.intellij.openapi.application.impl.FlushQueue$FlushNow.run(FlushQueue.java:184)
    at java.awt.event.InvocationEvent.dispatch(InvocationEvent.java:311)
    at java.awt.EventQueue.dispatchEventImpl(EventQueue.java:764)
    at java.awt.EventQueue.access$500(EventQueue.java:98)
    at java.awt.EventQueue$3.run(EventQueue.java:715)
    at java.awt.EventQueue$3.run(EventQueue.java:709)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at java.security.ProtectionDomain$JavaSecurityAccessImpl.doIntersectionPrivilege(ProtectionDomain.java:74)
    at java.awt.EventQueue.dispatchEvent(EventQueue.java:734)
    at com.intellij.ide.IdeEventQueue.defaultDispatchEvent(IdeEventQueue.java:974)
    at com.intellij.ide.IdeEventQueue._dispatchEvent(IdeEventQueue.java:847)
    at com.intellij.ide.IdeEventQueue.lambda$null$8(IdeEventQueue.java:449)
    at com.intellij.openapi.progress.impl.CoreProgressManager.computePrioritized(CoreProgressManager.java:730)
    at com.intellij.ide.IdeEventQueue.lambda$dispatchEvent$9(IdeEventQueue.java:448)
    at com.intellij.openapi.application.impl.ApplicationImpl.runIntendedWriteActionOnCurrentThread(ApplicationImpl.java:831)
    at com.intellij.ide.IdeEventQueue.dispatchEvent(IdeEventQueue.java:496)
    at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpOneEventForFilters(EventDispatchThread.java:205)
    at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEventsForFilter(EventDispatchThread.java:116)
    at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEventsForFilter(EventDispatchThread.java:109)
    at java.awt.WaitDispatchSupport$2.run(WaitDispatchSupport.java:190)
    at java.awt.WaitDispatchSupport$4.run(WaitDispatchSupport.java:235)
    at java.awt.WaitDispatchSupport$4.run(WaitDispatchSupport.java:233)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at java.awt.WaitDispatchSupport.enter(WaitDispatchSupport.java:233)
    at java.awt.Dialog.show(Dialog.java:1077)
    at com.intellij.openapi.ui.impl.DialogWrapperPeerImpl$MyDialog.show(DialogWrapperPeerImpl.java:708)
    at com.intellij.openapi.ui.impl.DialogWrapperPeerImpl.show(DialogWrapperPeerImpl.java:437)
    at com.intellij.openapi.ui.DialogWrapper.doShow(DialogWrapper.java:1685)
    at com.intellij.openapi.ui.DialogWrapper.show(DialogWrapper.java:1644)
    at com.intellij.ide.actions.ShowSettingsUtilImpl.showSettingsDialog(ShowSettingsUtilImpl.java:124)
    at com.intellij.ide.actions.ShowSettingsUtilImpl.showSettingsDialog(ShowSettingsUtilImpl.java:97)
    at com.intellij.ide.actions.ShowSettingsUtilImpl.showSettingsDialog(ShowSettingsUtilImpl.java:89)
    at com.android.tools.idea.updater.configure.RunSdkConfigAction.actionPerformed(RunSdkConfigAction.java:75)
    at com.android.tools.idea.sdk.wizard.SdkQuickfixUtils.showAndroidSdkManager(SdkQuickfixUtils.java:137)
    at com.android.tools.idea.sdk.wizard.SdkQuickfixUtils.showSdkMissingDialog(SdkQuickfixUtils.java:132)
    at com.android.tools.idea.actions.AndroidNewProjectAction.actionPerformed(AndroidNewProjectAction.kt:41)
    at com.intellij.openapi.actionSystem.ex.ActionUtil.performActionDumbAware(ActionUtil.java:280)
    at com.intellij.openapi.actionSystem.ex.ActionUtil.invokeAction(ActionUtil.java:443)
    at com.intellij.openapi.actionSystem.ex.ActionUtil.invokeAction(ActionUtil.java:428)
    at com.intellij.ui.components.labels.ActionLink$1.linkSelected(ActionLink.java:46)
    at com.intellij.ui.components.labels.LinkLabel.doClick(LinkLabel.java:143)
    at com.intellij.ui.components.labels.ActionLink.doClick(ActionLink.java:55)
    at com.intellij.ui.components.labels.LinkLabel$MyMouseHandler.mouseReleased(LinkLabel.java:331)
    at java.awt.Component.processMouseEvent(Component.java:6550)
    at javax.swing.JComponent.processMouseEvent(JComponent.java:3325)
    at java.awt.Component.processEvent(Component.java:6315)
    at java.awt.Container.processEvent(Container.java:2239)
    at java.awt.Component.dispatchEventImpl(Component.java:4899)
    at java.awt.Container.dispatchEventImpl(Container.java:2297)
    at java.awt.Component.dispatchEvent(Component.java:4721)
    at java.awt.LightweightDispatcher.retargetMouseEvent(Container.java:4904)
    at java.awt.LightweightDispatcher.processMouseEvent(Container.java:4535)
    at java.awt.LightweightDispatcher.dispatchEvent(Container.java:4476)
    at java.awt.Container.dispatchEventImpl(Container.java:2283)
    at java.awt.Window.dispatchEventImpl(Window.java:2746)
    at java.awt.Component.dispatchEvent(Component.java:4721)
    at java.awt.EventQueue.dispatchEventImpl(EventQueue.java:766)
    at java.awt.EventQueue.access$500(EventQueue.java:98)
    at java.awt.EventQueue$3.run(EventQueue.java:715)
    at java.awt.EventQueue$3.run(EventQueue.java:709)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at java.security.ProtectionDomain$JavaSecurityAccessImpl.doIntersectionPrivilege(ProtectionDomain.java:74)
    at java.security.ProtectionDomain$JavaSecurityAccessImpl.doIntersectionPrivilege(ProtectionDomain.java:84)
    at java.awt.EventQueue$4.run(EventQueue.java:739)
    at java.awt.EventQueue$4.run(EventQueue.java:737)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at java.security.ProtectionDomain$JavaSecurityAccessImpl.doIntersectionPrivilege(ProtectionDomain.java:74)
    at java.awt.EventQueue.dispatchEvent(EventQueue.java:736)
    at com.intellij.ide.IdeEventQueue.defaultDispatchEvent(IdeEventQueue.java:974)
    at com.intellij.ide.IdeEventQueue.dispatchMouseEvent(IdeEventQueue.java:912)
    at com.intellij.ide.IdeEventQueue._dispatchEvent(IdeEventQueue.java:844)
    at com.intellij.ide.IdeEventQueue.lambda$null$8(IdeEventQueue.java:449)
    at com.intellij.openapi.progress.impl.CoreProgressManager.computePrioritized(CoreProgressManager.java:741)
    at com.intellij.ide.IdeEventQueue.lambda$dispatchEvent$9(IdeEventQueue.java:448)
    at com.intellij.openapi.application.impl.ApplicationImpl.runIntendedWriteActionOnCurrentThread(ApplicationImpl.java:831)
    at com.intellij.ide.IdeEventQueue.dispatchEvent(IdeEventQueue.java:502)
    at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpOneEventForFilters(EventDispatchThread.java:205)
    at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEventsForFilter(EventDispatchThread.java:116)
    at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEventsForHierarchy(EventDispatchThread.java:105)
    at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEvents(EventDispatchThread.java:101)
    at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEvents(EventDispatchThread.java:93)
    at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.run(EventDispatchThread.java:82)

• 点击new project按钮弹出报错：Your Android SDK is missing, out of date or corrupted.
  

运行环境 #

• 操作系统：64位 Windows 10
• 处理器：AMD Ryzen 7 5800X 8-Core Processor 3.80 GHz
• 已安装JDK版本：jdk-17

修复步骤 #

1. 处理HAXM兼容问题 #

Intel HAXM仅支持Intel处理器，AMD平台会出现初始化失败报错，操作如下：

• 进入控制面板>程序和功能，卸载所有已安装的Intel HAXM程序
• 开启Windows功能：勾选「Windows虚拟机监控程序平台」和「适用于Linux的Windows子系统」，重启设备生效

2. 修正JDK冲突 #

Android Studio 4.1内置JDK 1.8运行环境，全局配置的JDK 17会引发版本冲突：

• 删除系统环境变量中JAVA_HOME指向JDK 17的配置，Android Studio默认优先使用内置JDK，无需额外配置全局JDK

3. 重置Android SDK #

• 完全删除原有SDK目录，默认路径为C:\Users\当前系统用户名\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk
• 启动Android Studio，在欢迎页点击Configure>SDK Manager，重新下载匹配版本的Android SDK

4. 修复最新版启动失败问题 #

• 打开Android Studio安装目录下的bin文件夹，编辑studio64.exe.vmoptions文件，新增如下配置：

-Djava.net.preferIPv6Addresses=false
-Duser.name=你的系统用户名

• 删除C:\Users\当前系统用户名\.AndroidStudio<对应版本号>目录下的所有缓存配置，重新启动程序即可

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Goncharov