咨询：已有Ubuntu 18.04环境，求可装Visual Studio等工具的轻量操作系统

Hey there! Let's tackle your problem since you're running Ubuntu 18.04 and want to skip the heavy Windows VM overhead for your course requirements. Here's a breakdown of your options:

1. Stick with Ubuntu 18.04 (Lightest Option, No OS Switch) #

You don't need to ditch your current system—all your required tools (barring IIS, which we'll cover) have solid Linux support, or great lightweight alternatives:

• Visual Studio: Microsoft doesn't offer the full Visual Studio IDE for Linux, but Visual Studio Code (VS Code) is a perfect lightweight replacement. It's fully supported on Ubuntu, and with extensions like C#, .NET Runtime, and SQL Server, it'll handle all your ASP.NET development needs. Install it with:

  sudo apt update && sudo apt install code
  

  Just search for the relevant extensions in VS Code's marketplace once it's installed.

• ASP.NET: .NET (previously .NET Core) is fully supported on Linux. You can install the SDK directly on Ubuntu 18.04 with these commands:

  wget https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/18.04/packages-microsoft-prod.deb -O packages-microsoft-prod.deb
  sudo dpkg -i packages-microsoft-prod.deb
  sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y dotnet-sdk-6.0 # Pick the version your course requires (e.g., 5.0)
  

  You can test it right away with dotnet new webapp to create a sample ASP.NET project.

• Microsoft SQL Server: Microsoft offers an official Linux version of SQL Server that works on Ubuntu 18.04. Install it with:

  wget -qO- https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo apt-key add -
  sudo add-apt-repository "$(wget -qO- https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/18.04/mssql-server-2019.list)"
  sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y mssql-server
  sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup # Follow the prompts to set your SA password
  

  Manage it using sqlcmd or the SQL Server extension in VS Code.

• IIS: IIS is exclusive to Windows, but you can use Nginx or Apache as lightweight, fully capable alternatives on Ubuntu. Both can host ASP.NET apps by reverse-proxying to the Kestrel server (the default web server for .NET). For Nginx, install it with:

  sudo apt install nginx
  

  Then configure a reverse proxy rule in /etc/nginx/sites-available/default to point to your ASP.NET app's port (usually 5000 or 7000 for .NET 6+). This setup is industry-standard for hosting .NET apps on Linux.

2. Alternative Lightweight Operating Systems (If You Want to Switch) #

If you'd prefer a different Linux distro that still supports all your tools, these are great options—all way lighter than Windows:

• Ubuntu 22.04 LTS: A newer, more supported version of Ubuntu with better out-of-the-box support for .NET 6+/SQL Server. It's just as lightweight as 18.04 but has longer security updates.
• Linux Mint: Based on Ubuntu, with a more Windows-like interface if you prefer that familiarity. It supports all the same tools and is very resource-efficient.
• Fedora Workstation: A rolling-release distro with excellent support for Microsoft's .NET ecosystem. It's clean, fast, and popular among developers.
• Pop!_OS: Developed by System76, based on Ubuntu, optimized for performance and developer workflows. It includes pre-configured tools for coding and runs smoothly on most laptops.

Quick Note on IIS #

If your course strictly requires using IIS (not just any web server), then you'll need a Windows environment. But you can minimize overhead by:

• Using a stripped-down "lite" version of Windows 10/11 (look for community-created lightweight images)
• Accessing a remote Windows server provided by your school (via RDP) instead of running a local VM

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者M. Chakhtoura