Python将XML解析为字典修改后导出XML的格式问题求助

• 第三方库dicttoxml生成的XML节点结构、默认属性规则和原始XML存在差异
• minidom的toprettyxml()方法默认缩进（制表符/4空格）、换行规则和你的源文件格式不匹配
• 冗余的文件手动关闭操作（with上下文会自动管理文件句柄，无需手动调用close()）

直接使用xmltodict自带的unparse方法反序列化字典，不需要额外引入dicttoxml和minidom，原生适配xmltodict解析生成的字典结构，更易控制输出格式：

import xmltodict

# 读取并解析XML
with open("books.xml", "r", encoding="utf-8") as xml_file:
    data_dict = xmltodict.parse(xml_file.read())

# 修改目标字段
data_dict['catalog']['book'][0]['author'] = "Test User"

# 直接用xmltodict反序列化为XML，匹配原格式缩进
output_xml = xmltodict.unparse(
    data_dict,
    indent="   ",  # 和原文件缩进一致，3个空格
    newl="\n",     # 换行符匹配原文件
    encoding="utf-8",
    full_document=True  # 保留XML头部声明
)

# 写入文件
with open("newbook.xml", "wb") as f:
    f.write(output_xml)

调整toprettyxml的缩进参数，同时过滤多余空行即可：

import xmltodict
from dicttoxml import dicttoxml
from xml.dom.minidom import parseString

with open("books.xml", "r", encoding="utf-8") as xml_file:
    data_dict = xmltodict.parse(xml_file.read())

data_dict['catalog']['book'][0]['author']="Test User"
xml = dicttoxml(data_dict, attr_type=False, root=False)
dom = parseString(xml)

# 自定义缩进为3个空格，过滤多余空行
pretty_xml = '\n'.join([line for line in dom.toprettyxml(indent="   ", newl="\n").split('\n') if line.strip()])

with open("newbook.xml", "w", encoding="utf-8") as xmlfile:
    xmlfile.write(pretty_xml)

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Deepak