如何在GitHub Action中访问Kafka服务并解决NoBrokersAvailable报错

你遇到的NoBrokersAvailable错误由两个配置错误导致：

• 服务名不匹配：你声明的ZooKeeper服务名称是zoo_keeper，但Kafka配置的ZK连接地址写的是zookeeper:2181，名称不一致导致Kafka无法连接ZooKeeper，无法完成启动流程。
• 配置项名称错误：bitnami/kafka镜像的ZooKeeper连接配置项为KAFKA_CFG_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT，你的配置多写了一层KAFKA_前缀，写成了KAFKA_CFG_KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT，导致Kafka读取不到正确的ZK地址。

另外你使用的Kafka健康检查命令kafka-broker-api-versions.sh --version仅会校验脚本是否存在，不会真的检查Kafka Broker是否就绪，可能会出现健康检查通过但Broker还没完成初始化的情况，也建议同步修改。

test:
  runs-on: ubuntu-latest
  services:
    zoo_keeper:
      image: bitnami/zookeeper
      ports:
        - 2181:2181
      env:
        ALLOW_ANONYMOUS_LOGIN: yes
      options: >-
        --health-cmd "echo mntr | nc -w 2 -q 2 localhost 2181"
        --health-interval 10s
        --health-timeout 5s
        --health-retries 5
    kafka:
      image: bitnami/kafka
      ports:
        - 9092:9092
      options: >-
        --health-cmd "kafka-broker-api-versions.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --list"
        --health-interval 10s
        --health-timeout 5s
        --health-retries 5
      env:
        # 修正1：配置项名称删除多余的KAFKA_前缀，ZK地址改成和服务名一致的zoo_keeper
        KAFKA_CFG_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT: "zoo_keeper:2181"
        ALLOW_PLAINTEXT_LISTENER: yes
        KAFKA_CFG_LISTENERS: "CLIENT://:9092,INTERNAL://:9093"
        KAFKA_CFG_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS: "CLIENT://localhost:9092,INTERNAL://kafka:9093"
        KAFKA_CFG_LISTENER_SECURITY_PROTOCOL_MAP: "CLIENT:PLAINTEXT,INTERNAL:PLAINTEXT"
        KAFKA_CFG_INTER_BROKER_LISTENER_NAME: INTERNAL
  ...
  steps:
    - name: test
      ...
      run: pytest

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者itaied