Android应用运行Espresso测试时出现Cloud Firestore 24.1.2内部错误

应用正常运行时数据加载无任何问题，仅在运行Espresso测试校验约会应用的匹配卡片是否存在时触发报错。使用本地模拟数据运行相同测试时无异常，将应用接入Firebase后就会出现该错误。
核心报错提示：java.lang.RuntimeException: Internal error in Cloud Firestore (24.1.2).

public void matchesCardExists(){
        onView(withId(R.id.name)).perform(replaceText("Bill"));
        onView(withId(R.id.email)).perform(replaceText("test@gmail.com"));
        onView(withId(R.id.user_name)).perform(replaceText("bigbill"));
        onView(withId(R.id.description)).perform(replaceText("This is a test"));
        onView(withId(R.id.occupation)).perform(replaceText("I work at test"));

        onView(withId(R.id.dateButton)).perform(click());

        onView(withClassName(Matchers.equalTo(DatePicker.class.getName())))
                .perform(PickerActions.setDate(2000, 2 + 1, 5));

        onView(withId(android.R.id.button1)).perform(click());

        onView(withId(R.id.submitButton)).perform(click());

        openActionBarOverflowOrOptionsMenu(ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext());
        onView(withText("Matches")).perform(click());

        onView(isRoot()).perform(HelpersViewMatcher.waitView(withText("Cool Guy Mike"), 100000));

        onView(withRecyclerView(R.id.recycler_view).atPosition(0)).check(matches(hasDescendant(withText("Cool Guy Mike"))));
}

测试会填写注册表单，提交后跳转至包含匹配Fragment的标签页Activity，匹配Fragment中展示的卡片数据从Cloud Firestore加载，测试校验RecyclerView第0位的卡片是否包含字符串“Cool Guy Mike”。

Firebase返回的堆栈跟踪 #

java.lang.NullPointerException
at java.util.Objects.requireNonNull(Objects.java:203)
at com.example.datingapp.RecyclerViewMatcher$1.matchesSafely(RecyclerViewMatcher.java:56)
at com.example.datingapp.RecyclerViewMatcher$1.matchesSafely(RecyclerViewMatcher.java:30)
at org.hamcrest.TypeSafeMatcher.matches(TypeSafeMatcher.java:67)
at androidx.test.espresso.base.ViewFinderImpl$MatcherPredicateAdapter.apply(ViewFinderImpl.java:1)
at androidx.test.espresso.core.internal.deps.guava.collect.Iterators$5.computeNext(Iterators.java:3)
at androidx.test.espresso.core.internal.deps.guava.collect.AbstractIterator.tryToComputeNext(AbstractIterator.java:2)
at androidx.test.espresso.core.internal.deps.guava.collect.AbstractIterator.hasNext(AbstractIterator.java:5)
at androidx.test.espresso.base.ViewFinderImpl.getView(ViewFinderImpl.java:7)
at androidx.test.espresso.ViewInteraction$2.call(ViewInteraction.java:5)
at androidx.test.espresso.ViewInteraction$2.call(ViewInteraction.java:1)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:883)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:100)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:214)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:7356)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:492)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:930)

Android Studio中捕获的错误信息 #

androidx.test.espresso.PerformException: Error performing 'single click - At Coordinates: 1082, 465 and precision: 16, 16' on view 'Animations or transitions are enabled on the target device.
an instance of android.widget.TextView and view.getText() with or without transformation to match: is "Matches"'.
    at androidx.test.espresso.PerformException$Builder.build(PerformException.java:1)
    at androidx.test.espresso.base.DefaultFailureHandler.getUserFriendlyError(DefaultFailureHandler.java:9)
    at androidx.test.espresso.base.DefaultFailureHandler.handle(DefaultFailureHandler.java:7)
    at androidx.test.espresso.ViewInteraction.waitForAndHandleInteractionResults(ViewInteraction.java:8)
    at androidx.test.espresso.ViewInteraction.desugaredPerform(ViewInteraction.java:11)
    at androidx.test.espresso.ViewInteraction.perform(ViewInteraction.java:4)
    at com.example.datingapp.MainActivityTest.matchesCardExists(MainActivityTest.java:265)
    ... 29 trimmed
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Internal error in Cloud Firestore (24.1.2).
    at com.google.firebase.firestore.util.AsyncQueue.lambda$panic$3(AsyncQueue.java:539)
    at com.google.firebase.firestore.util.-$$Lambda$AsyncQueue$jx84dqgUsF4ojecSMurRqFLFD1Y.run(Unknown Source:2)
    at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:883)
    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:100)
    at androidx.test.espresso.base.Interrogator.loopAndInterrogate(Interrogator.java:14)
    at androidx.test.espresso.base.UiControllerImpl.loopUntil(UiControllerImpl.java:8)
    at androidx.test.espresso.base.UiControllerImpl.loopUntil(UiControllerImpl.java:1)
    at androidx.test.espresso.base.UiControllerImpl.loopMainThreadForAtLeast(UiControllerImpl.java:8)
    at androidx.test.espresso.action.Tap$1.sendTap(Tap.java:6)
    at androidx.test.espresso.action.GeneralClickAction.perform(GeneralClickAction.java:6)
    at androidx.test.espresso.ViewInteraction$SingleExecutionViewAction.perform(ViewInteraction.java:2)
    at androidx.test.espresso.ViewInteraction.doPerform(ViewInteraction.java:22)
    at androidx.test.espresso.ViewInteraction.access$100(ViewInteraction.java:1)
    at androidx.test.espresso.ViewInteraction$1.call(ViewInteraction.java:2)
    at androidx.test.espresso.ViewInteraction$1.call(ViewInteraction.java:1)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
    at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:883)
    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:100)
    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:214)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:7356)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
    at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:492)
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:930)
Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: No static method registerDefaultInstance(Ljava/lang/Class;Lcom/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageLite;)V in class Lcom/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageLite; or its super classes (declaration of 'com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite' appears in /data/app/com.example.datingapp.test-LB1xq3vHsZYBNdA8gmmVkQ==/base.apk)
    at com.google.firestore.v1.ListenRequest.<clinit>(ListenRequest.java:873)
    at com.google.firestore.v1.ListenRequest.getDefaultInstance(ListenRequest.java:878)
    at com.google.firestore.v1.FirestoreGrpc.getListenMethod(FirestoreGrpc.java:384)
    at com.google.firebase.firestore.remote.WatchStream.<init>(WatchStream.java:61)
    at com.google.firebase.firestore.remote.Datastore.createWatchStream(Datastore.java:131)
    at com.google.firebase.firestore.remote.RemoteStore.<init>(RemoteStore.java:167)
    at com.google.firebase.firestore.core.MemoryComponentProvider.createRemoteStore(MemoryComponentProvider.java:78)
    at com.google.firebase.firestore.core.ComponentProvider.initialize(ComponentProvider.java:143)
    at com.google.firebase.firestore.core.FirestoreClient.initialize(FirestoreClient.java:272)
    at com.google.firebase.firestore.core.FirestoreClient.lambda$new$0$FirestoreClient(FirestoreClient.java:109)
    at com.google.firebase.firestore.core.-$$Lambda$FirestoreClient$Eq-cAcb1C1mM4tyiJsLJXZ13tyU.run(Unknown Source:8)
    at com.google.firebase.firestore.util.AsyncQueue.lambda$enqueue$2(AsyncQueue.java:441)
    at com.google.firebase.firestore.util.-$$Lambda$AsyncQueue$Y9GO7zO2DX6MzQJ5TbKtKW_NzO0.call(Unknown Source:2)
    at com.google.firebase.firestore.util.AsyncQueue$SynchronizedShutdownAwareExecutor.lambda$executeAndReportResult$1(AsyncQueue.java:327)
    at com.google.firebase.firestore.util.-$$Lambda$AsyncQueue$SynchronizedShutdownAwareExecutor$pKSAgg-ozJ8RbUveSl-44aUfFQw.run(Unknown Source:4)
    at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:462)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
    at java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor$ScheduledFutureTask.run(ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.java:301)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1167)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:641)
    at com.google.firebase.firestore.util.AsyncQueue$SynchronizedShutdownAwareExecutor$DelayedStartFactory.run(AsyncQueue.java:234)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:919)

从堆栈最底层的错误可以定位核心问题：

1. 首要原因是Protobuf依赖版本冲突：Cloud Firestore 24.1.2依赖的高版本protobuf-javalite库中存在registerDefaultInstance方法，但测试APK打包时被其他依赖引入的低版本protobuf库覆盖，导致Firestore初始化实时数据监听流时找不到对应方法，直接抛出内部错误。
2. Firestore崩溃后匹配列表数据无法加载，自定义的RecyclerViewMatcher没有做空值容错，在item不存在时直接调用Objects.requireNonNull触发空指针。
3. 测试设备未关闭系统动画，可能导致Espresso点击溢出菜单的坐标偏移，加剧操作失败的概率。

• 强制对齐Protobuf依赖版本：在app模块的build.gradle中添加依赖强制规则，使用和Firestore 24.1.2匹配的protobuf版本：

configurations.all {
    resolutionStrategy.force 'com.google.protobuf:protobuf-javalite:3.19.2'
}

• 排查项目中所有第三方依赖，若有依赖引入了低版本protobuf，直接排除其传递的protobuf依赖，避免版本覆盖。
• 修复自定义RecyclerViewMatcher的逻辑：在matchesSafely方法中添加空判断，RecyclerView未加载、指定位置无item时直接返回匹配失败，不要直接调用requireNonNull。
• 测试前关闭测试设备的所有系统动画：将窗口动画缩放、过渡动画缩放、动画程序时长缩放全部调整为0，避免动画干扰Espresso的视图操作和判断。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Calas