Django自定义非绑定模型Raw SQL填充时'status'参数错误排查

核心错误点 #

你遇到的TypeError: 'status' is an invalid keyword argument for this function，根源是模型字段定义的低级失误：
在consignment_status模型中，status字段的定义少了关键的括号：

status = models.TextField  # 错误：仅引用了类，未实例化字段

models.TextField是一个类，必须通过加括号()来创建字段实例，否则Django的模型系统不会把它识别为合法的模型字段，自然无法通过关键字参数status来实例化模型对象。

修正后的代码 #

第一步：修复models.py中的字段定义

把status字段改为正确的实例化形式：

from django.db import models

class list_consignment(models.Manager):
    def with_counts(self):
        import pyodbc
        cnxn = pyodbc.connect('Driver={SQL Server};Server=127.0.0.1;Database=TEST;uid=USERID;pwd=PASSWORD;')
        cursor = cnxn.cursor()
        with cnxn.cursor() as cursor:
            cursor.execute("""select t.ConsignmentNo, case when t2.TaskId = '50' then t2.TaskName when t2.TaskId IS NULL then 'NEW' else 'PENDING' end as 'status', case when t2.TaskId IS NOT NULL then t2.ActEnd else t.CreateDate end as created_time from ( select ConsignmentNo,JobEntry.CreateDate,JobEntry.JobStatus, max(ActEnd) as lastes_time from JobEntry left join jobTracking on JobEntry.JobNo = jobTracking.JobNo and JobEntry.companyid=jobTracking.companyid where JobEntry.companyid = 40 and JobEntry.CustomerCode = 'A000177' and ConsignmentNo like '%' and CAST(JobEntry.CreateDate as date) >= CAST(getdate()-1 as date) and JobEntry.iscancel = 0 group by ConsignmentNo, JobEntry.CreateDate,JobEntry.JobStatus ) t left Join ( select ConsignmentNo,JobEntry.CreateDate as jcreate_date, jobTracking.* from JobEntry left join jobTracking on JobEntry.JobNo = jobTracking.JobNo and JobEntry.companyid=jobTracking.companyid where JobEntry.companyid = 40 and JobEntry.BranchId = 40 and CAST(JobEntry.CreateDate as date) >= CAST(getdate()-1 as date) and JobEntry.CustomerCode = 'A000177' and ConsignmentNo like '%' )t2 on t.ConsignmentNo = t2.ConsignmentNo and t.lastes_time = t2.ActEnd and t.CreateDate = t2.jcreate_date order by status, ConsignmentNo""")
            result_list = []
            for row in cursor.fetchall():
                p = self.model(consignmentNo=row[0], status=row[1], created_time=row[2])
                result_list.append(p)
            return result_list

class consignment_status(models.Model):
    consignmentNo = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    status = models.TextField()  # 此处添加括号，正确实例化字段
    created_time = models.DateField()
    objects = list_consignment()
    
    class Meta:
        managed = False

第二步：修复views.py中的方法定义（额外优化）

你的dashboard类的get方法参数写错了，且返回数据的方式不符合API规范，建议调整：

from django.http import JsonResponse
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.permissions import AllowAny
from .models import consignment_status

class dashboard(APIView):
    permission_classes=(AllowAny,)
    
    # 修正参数：第一个参数应为self，而非APIView
    def get(self, request):
        data = {"data" : consignment_status.objects.with_counts()}
        # 使用JsonResponse返回标准JSON格式，safe=False适配列表类型数据
        return JsonResponse(data, safe=False)

额外注意事项 #

1. 若你的Raw SQL返回的created_time包含具体时间，建议把模型中的created_time改为models.DateTimeField()，避免日期类型不匹配的错误。
2. 生产环境中不要硬编码数据库账号密码，建议通过Djangosettings.py或环境变量存储敏感信息。
3. 管理器中的数据库连接记得关闭，可将连接也用with语句包裹，避免资源泄漏：

   with pyodbc.connect('...') as cnxn:
       with cnxn.cursor() as cursor:
           # 执行SQL逻辑
   

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者JT_T