Apple M1设备pip3如何强制安装x86_64架构NumPy包

• 硬件环境：搭载M1芯片的Apple MacBook Air，运行macOS 12.2.1系统
• 开发配置：安装Python 3.10版本，使用ATOM文本编辑器搭配Script扩展包开展Python开发
• 前期操作：执行pip3 install NumPy命令完成库安装，包文件写入以下目录：
  • /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/numpy
  • /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/numpy-1.22.4.dist-info
• 故障现象：导入NumPy时触发架构不兼容报错，已确认故障根源为当前安装的是arm64架构NumPy包，但运行环境需要x86_64架构版本，常规卸载重装方案无法解决问题。

核心报错信息如下：

Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/numpy/core/init.py", line 23, in
from . import multiarray File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/numpy/core/multiarray.py", line 10, in
from . import overrides File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/numpy/core/overrides.py", line 6, in
from numpy.core._multiarray_umath import ( ImportError: dlopen(/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/numpy/core/_multiarray_umath.cpython-310-darwin.so, 0x0002): tried: '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/numpy/core/_multiarray_umath.cpython-310-darwin.so' (mach-o file, but is an incompatible architecture (have 'arm64', need 'x86_64')), '/usr/lib/_multiarray_umath.cpython-310-darwin.so' (no such file)

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/username/Desktop/Script.py", line 10, in
import numpy File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/numpy/init.py", line 144, in
from . import core File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/numpy/core/init.py", line 49, in
raise ImportError(msg) ImportError:

IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ THIS FOR ADVICE ON HOW TO SOLVE THIS ISSUE!

Importing the numpy C-extensions failed. This error can happen for many reasons, often due to issues with your setup or how NumPy was installed.

环境检测信息：

• Python版本：Python3.10，路径为"/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/bin/python3"
• NumPy版本：1.22.4

Original error was: dlopen(/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/numpy/core/_multiarray_umath.cpython-310-darwin.so, 0x0002): tried: '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/numpy/core/_multiarray_umath.cpython-310-darwin.so' (mach-o file, but is an incompatible architecture (have 'arm64', need 'x86_64')), '/usr/lib/_multiarray_umath.cpython-310-darwin.so' (no such file)

[Finished in 0.114s]

• 第一步：彻底清理现有错误架构的NumPy安装残留，重复执行以下命令，直到终端提示当前环境未安装numpy为止：
  pip3 uninstall -y numpy
• 第二步：通过macOS原生arch指令强制指定x86_64架构运行pip，拉取并安装对应架构的NumPy包：
  arch -x86_64 pip3 install numpy
• 第三步：验证安装有效性，执行以下命令，若终端正常输出NumPy版本号、无报错，即说明架构匹配安装成功：
  arch -x86_64 python3 -c "import numpy; print(numpy.__version__)"

注意：如果ATOM编辑器的Script插件运行代码时仍报相同错误，需要检查插件配置的Python解释器启动参数，确保插件调用Python进程时同样使用x86_64架构，和NumPy安装时的架构保持一致即可。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Nicolaesse