PowerShell调用Word Interop将带宏DOC转DOTM时宏损坏问题

宏损坏、签入签出报错来自三个代码疏漏：

• 枚举值引用错误：无宏文档保存分支误用Excel的XlFileFormat枚举，Interop调用传值异常会破坏文件写入结构，带宏场景下该错误会直接损坏VBA存储段
• 缺少兼容转换步骤：二进制DOC格式转OpenXML格式时，必须先调用Convert()方法退出兼容模式，直接SaveAs会导致VBA项目的存储结构不匹配，宏模块解析失败
• 文档打开参数缺失：默认打开文件时Word会自动触发签出逻辑，在本地同步目录、受管控文档场景下会直接抛出checkin/checkout相关错误

按以下四点调整代码即可：

1. 打开文档时显式传入参数，关闭自动签出、不加入最近文件列表
2. 修正所有保存格式的枚举引用，统一使用Word的WdSaveFormat枚举
3. 对DOC格式文件，打开后先调用Convert()完成兼容转换，再执行保存操作
4. 调整COM对象释放顺序，避免Word进程残留占用文件

修复后的可运行代码如下：

function ReleaseRef ($ref) {
    if($ref){
        [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::ReleaseComObject([System.__ComObject]$ref) | Out-Null
        [System.GC]::Collect() 
        [System.GC]::WaitForPendingFinalizers() 
    }
}

function Convert-DOC{
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$filepath,
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$filefilter
    )

    # 提前加载Word Interop程序集，避免循环内重复加载
    Add-Type -AssemblyName Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word
    $word = $null
    $worddoc = $null

    try {
        $files = Get-ChildItem $filepath -Include "$filefilter" -recurse -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Where-Object { ($_.PSIsContainer -eq $false) -and ( $_.Extension -eq ".doc") }
        $totalfiles = $files.Count
        [int]$currentfile = 0
        [int]$gc_int = 0
        Write-Host "converting files... [$totalfiles]"

        $word = New-Object -ComObject Word.Application
        $word.Visible = $false # 转换时不需要显示窗口，提升速度
        $word.DisplayAlerts = [Microsoft.Office.InterOp.Word.WdAlertLevel]::wdAlertsNone
        $word.AutomationSecurity = [Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoAutomationSecurity]::msoAutomationSecurityForceDisable # 禁止宏运行，避免转换时触发宏报错

        foreach ($file in $files) {
            $currentfile++
            $catch = $false
            try {
                Write-Host "Processing: $($file.FullName)"
                # 打开参数显式设置：可写、不弹转换确认框、不添加最近文件、禁止自动签出
                $worddoc = $word.Documents.Open(
                    FileName:=$file.FullName,
                    ConfirmConversions:=$false,
                    ReadOnly:=$false,
                    AddToRecentFiles:=$false,
                    PasswordDocument:="",
                    WritePasswordDocument:="",
                    Revert:=$true,
                    NoEncodingDialog:=$true
                )
            } catch {
                Write-Host "$file is protected by Password, skipping..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
                $catch = $true
                if($worddoc){$worddoc.Close([Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdSaveOptions]::wdDoNotSaveChanges)}
                ReleaseRef $worddoc
                $worddoc = $null
                continue
            }
            
            if (-not $catch) {
                try {
                    Write-Host "converting $($file.fullname) file $currentfile of $totalfiles" -ForegroundColor DarkGreen
                    
                    # 旧版DOC先执行兼容转换
                    if ($worddoc.CompatibilityMode -ne [Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdCompatibilityMode]::wdCurrent) {
                        $worddoc.Convert()
                    }

                    # 判断是否带宏，统一使用WdSaveFormat枚举
                    if ($worddoc.HasVBProject) {
                        $saveFormat = [Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdSaveFormat]::wdFormatXMLDocumentMacroEnabled
                        $newExt = ".docm"
                    } else {
                        $saveFormat = [Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdSaveFormat]::wdFormatXMLDocument
                        $newExt = ".docx"
                    }
                    $newfile = Join-Path $file.DirectoryName ($file.BaseName + $newExt)

                    if(Test-Path $newfile){
                        Write-host "$newfile already exists, skipping" -ForegroundColor Yellow
                    } else {
                        # 保存时显式传入参数，禁止弹出兼容性检查框
                        $worddoc.SaveAs2(
                            FileName:=$newfile,
                            FileFormat:=$saveFormat,
                            LockComments:=$false,
                            Password:="",
                            WritePassword:="",
                            ReadOnlyRecommended:=$false,
                            EmbedTrueTypeFonts:=$false,
                            SaveNativePictureFormat:=$false,
                            SaveFormsData:=$false,
                            SaveAsAOCELetter:=$false,
                            CompatibilityMode:=[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdCompatibilityMode]::wdCurrent
                        )
                    }

                    $worddoc.Close([Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdSaveOptions]::wdDoNotSaveChanges)
                    ReleaseRef $worddoc
                    $worddoc = $null
                    Write-Host "done" -ForegroundColor DarkGreen

                    # 每处理5个文件执行一次GC
                    $gc_int++
                    if($gc_int -gt 5){
                        Write-Host 'Run Garbage Collector' -ForegroundColor DarkBlue -BackgroundColor White
                        [System.GC]::Collect()
                        [System.GC]::WaitForPendingFinalizers()
                        $gc_int = 0
                    }
                } catch {
                    $formatstring = "{0} : {1}`n{2}`n" +
                        "    + CategoryInfo          : {3}`n" +
                        "    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : {4}`n" +
                        "    + Filename              : {5}`n"
                    $fields = $_.InvocationInfo.MyCommand.Name,
                        $_.ErrorDetails.Message,
                        $_.InvocationInfo.PositionMessage,
                        $_.CategoryInfo.ToString(),
                        $_.FullyQualifiedErrorId,
                        $file.fullname

                    Write-Host -Foreground Red -Background Black ($formatstring -f $fields)
                    "$fields" | Out-File (Join-Path $PSScriptRoot 'error_convert.log') -Append
                    
                    if($worddoc){$worddoc.Close([Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdSaveOptions]::wdDoNotSaveChanges)}
                    ReleaseRef $worddoc
                    $worddoc = $null
                }
            }
        }
    } finally {
        Write-Host ""
        Write-Host "Cleaning Up" -ForegroundColor DarkMagenta
        if($worddoc){
            Write-Host "Closing opened document"
            $worddoc.Close([Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdSaveOptions]::wdDoNotSaveChanges)
            ReleaseRef $worddoc
        }
        if($word){
            Write-Host "Quiting Word application"
            $word.Quit()
            ReleaseRef $word
        }
        Write-Host "Finishing Clean-Up"
    }
}

Convert-DOC -filepath "C:\_testmacro\" -filefilter "*.doc"

• 脚本运行时不要手动打开Word窗口操作文件，避免COM调用冲突
• 如果需要输出DOTM（带宏模板）格式，只需将保存格式替换为wdFormatXMLTemplateMacroEnabled，输出后缀改为.dotm即可
• 不要在无桌面交互的服务器环境使用Office Interop做批量转换，微软官方不支持该部署场景，稳定性无保障

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Stephan