Spring集成Cucumber添加@Component仍报No qualifying bean异常

错误信息 #

无法调用定义在pcz.StepDefs.LoginPageStepDefs.userClicksRegisterOnMainPage()的步骤[User clicks Register on main page]，步骤定义存在问题，转换后的参数类型为()

根因：io.cucumber.core.backend.CucumberBackendException: 创建名为'pcz.StepDefs.LoginPageStepDefs'的Bean时出错：字段'loginPage'表达的依赖不满足；嵌套异常为org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: 找不到类型为'pcz.Page.LoginPage'的符合条件的Bean：预期至少存在1个可作为自动注入候选的Bean，依赖注解为：{@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}

项目结构 #

现有代码 #

步骤定义类 #

public class LoginPageStepDefs {

    @Autowired
    LoginPage loginPage;

    @When("User clicks Register on main page")
    public void userClicksRegisterOnMainPage() {
        loginPage.test();
    }
}

页面对象类 #

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class LoginPage {
    public void test(){
    }
}

Spring配置类 #

@CucumberContextConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(classes = SpringBootCucumberApplication.class, loader = AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class)
@SpringBootTest()
public class CucumberSpringConfiguration {
}

SpringBoot启动类 #

@SpringBootApplication()
public class SpringBootCucumberApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    }
}

问题原因 #

核心原因有两点：

1. @SpringBootApplication默认的组件扫描范围是启动类所在的包及其子包，当前SpringBootCucumberApplication未配置扫描路径，LoginPage所在的pcz.Page包不在默认扫描范围内，Spring启动时不会扫描到该类，无法将其注册到IOC容器。
2. LoginPageStepDefs类本身未添加Spring托管注解，该类不会被Spring上下文识别，内部标记@Autowired的字段无法完成注入。

修复方案 #

• 调整SpringBoot启动类的组件扫描范围，明确指定扫描根包覆盖所有业务类所在路径，补全启动类main方法逻辑：

  import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
  import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
  
  @SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages = "pcz")
  public class SpringBootCucumberApplication {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          SpringApplication.run(SpringBootCucumberApplication.class, args);
      }
  }
  

• 为LoginPageStepDefs类添加@Component注解，标记为Spring托管Bean，保证内部注入逻辑生效：

  import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
  import io.cucumber.java.en.When;
  import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
  
  @Component
  public class LoginPageStepDefs {
  
      @Autowired
      LoginPage loginPage;
  
      @When("User clicks Register on main page")
      public void userClicksRegisterOnMainPage() {
          loginPage.test();
      }
  }
  

• 移除CucumberSpringConfiguration上冗余的@ContextConfiguration配置，@SpringBootTest会自动识别SpringBoot启动类，简化配置：

  import io.cucumber.spring.CucumberContextConfiguration;
  import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
  
  @CucumberContextConfiguration
  @SpringBootTest
  public class CucumberSpringConfiguration {
  }
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user18542516