如何创建无Spring Batch元数据的Spring Boot Batch项目（适配v2.7.0）

MapJobRepositoryFactoryBean在Spring Batch 4.3+（对应Spring Boot 2.4+）被标记废弃的核心原因是其基于内存Map的实现存在线程安全缺陷，官方不推荐在生产环境使用。目前2.7版本有两种可行的替代方案，效果和原内存Map模式一致，元数据不会持久化到外部存储，应用停止后自动清除。

方案一：官方推荐方案（无废弃API，生产可用，兼容后续版本升级） #

官方推荐使用嵌入式内存数据库搭配JDBC组件实现内存态元数据存储，稳定性、线程安全性远高于原Map实现，是2.4+版本的标准实现方式。

• 引入嵌入式内存数据库H2依赖，无需额外部署数据库服务：
  Maven 依赖（pom.xml）：

  <dependency>
      <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
      <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
      <scope>runtime</scope>
  </dependency>
  

  Gradle 依赖：

  runtimeOnly 'com.h2database:h2'
  

• 添加配置（application.properties），默认配置即可满足需求，显式配置更清晰：

  # 嵌入式数据库场景自动初始化Batch元数据表，应用停止后数据自动清除
  spring.batch.jdbc.initialize-schema=embedded
  # 可根据自身需求决定是否关闭项目启动时自动执行Batch任务
  spring.batch.job.enabled=false
  

• 自定义配置（可选，默认自动配置即可直接使用）：如果需要自定义JobLauncher线程池等参数，可添加如下配置类，不需要完全重写所有组件：

  import org.springframework.batch.core.configuration.annotation.DefaultBatchConfigurer;
  import org.springframework.batch.core.launch.JobLauncher;
  import org.springframework.batch.core.launch.support.SimpleJobLauncher;
  import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
  import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
  import org.springframework.core.task.TaskExecutor;
  import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
  
  import javax.sql.DataSource;
  
  @Configuration
  public class BatchConfig extends DefaultBatchConfigurer {
  
      public BatchConfig(DataSource dataSource) {
          super(dataSource);
      }
  
      @Override
      public JobLauncher getJobLauncher() {
          SimpleJobLauncher jobLauncher = new SimpleJobLauncher();
          jobLauncher.setJobRepository(getJobRepository());
          jobLauncher.setTaskExecutor(batchTaskExecutor());
          try {
              jobLauncher.afterPropertiesSet();
          } catch (Exception e) {
              throw new RuntimeException("JobLauncher初始化失败", e);
          }
          return jobLauncher;
      }
  
      @Bean
      public TaskExecutor batchTaskExecutor() {
          ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
          executor.setCorePoolSize(4);
          executor.setMaxPoolSize(8);
          executor.setQueueCapacity(20);
          executor.setThreadNamePrefix("batch-task-");
          executor.initialize();
          return executor;
      }
  }
  

方案二：原Map逻辑兼容方案（无额外依赖，2.7版本可用，不推荐生产使用） #

如果不想引入额外依赖，希望完全沿用原内存Map的逻辑，2.7版本中相关类并未被移除，仅标记为废弃。你之前的代码失效是因为实例化工厂Bean后没有调用afterPropertiesSet()完成初始化，同时缺少事务管理器配置，修正后代码如下：

import org.springframework.batch.core.configuration.BatchConfigurationException;
import org.springframework.batch.core.configuration.annotation.DefaultBatchConfigurer;
import org.springframework.batch.core.explore.JobExplorer;
import org.springframework.batch.core.explore.support.MapJobExplorerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.batch.core.launch.JobLauncher;
import org.springframework.batch.core.launch.support.SimpleJobLauncher;
import org.springframework.batch.core.repository.JobRepository;
import org.springframework.batch.core.repository.support.MapJobRepositoryFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.batch.support.transaction.ResourcelessTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;

@Configuration
public class MetaDataConfiguration {

    @Bean
    public PlatformTransactionManager resourcelessTransactionManager() {
        return new ResourcelessTransactionManager();
    }

    @Bean
    public DefaultBatchConfigurer batchConfigurer() {
        return new DefaultBatchConfigurer() {
            private final JobRepository jobRepository;
            private final JobExplorer jobExplorer;
            private final JobLauncher jobLauncher;

            {
                try {
                    MapJobRepositoryFactoryBean jobRepositoryFactory = new MapJobRepositoryFactoryBean();
                    jobRepositoryFactory.setTransactionManager(resourcelessTransactionManager());
                    // 必须手动调用初始化方法
                    jobRepositoryFactory.afterPropertiesSet();
                    this.jobRepository = jobRepositoryFactory.getObject();

                    MapJobExplorerFactoryBean jobExplorerFactory = new MapJobExplorerFactoryBean(jobRepositoryFactory);
                    // 必须手动调用初始化方法
                    jobExplorerFactory.afterPropertiesSet();
                    this.jobExplorer = jobExplorerFactory.getObject();

                    SimpleJobLauncher simpleJobLauncher = new SimpleJobLauncher();
                    simpleJobLauncher.setJobRepository(jobRepository);
                    simpleJobLauncher.afterPropertiesSet();
                    this.jobLauncher = simpleJobLauncher;
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    throw new BatchConfigurationException(e);
                }
            }

            @Override
            public JobRepository getJobRepository() {
                return jobRepository;
            }

            @Override
            public JobExplorer getJobExplorer() {
                return jobExplorer;
            }

            @Override
            public JobLauncher getJobLauncher() {
                return jobLauncher;
            }
        };
    }
}

注意：方案二使用的Map相关工厂类在Spring Boot 3.x（Spring Batch 5.x）版本中已被彻底移除，如果后续有版本升级计划，优先选择方案一避免二次改造。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Sam