Spring Boot WAR包部署Tomcat访问报404 应用未启动问题求解

问题现象 #

将Spring Boot项目打包为WAR包部署到Tomcat后，访问返回HTTP Status 404错误，无对应业务日志输出，Spring应用未正常启动。已修改server.xml中Context path配置，错误截图如下：

现有配置与日志信息 #

build.gradle配置 #

plugins {
    id 'org.springframework.boot' version '2.7.0'
    id 'io.spring.dependency-management' version '1.0.11.RELEASE'
    id 'java'
    id 'war'
}

group = '-'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
sourceCompatibility = '17'

configurations {
    compileOnly {
        extendsFrom annotationProcessor
    }
}

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa'
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-security'
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf'
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web'
    implementation 'org.thymeleaf.extras:thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity5'
    compileOnly 'org.projectlombok:lombok'
    developmentOnly 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-devtools'
    runtimeOnly 'mysql:mysql-connector-java'
    annotationProcessor 'org.projectlombok:lombok'
    
    // 错误依赖：spring-boot-starter-parent为Maven父POM，不应作为普通依赖引入
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-parent:2.7.0'
    
    providedRuntime 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat'
    testImplementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test'
    testImplementation 'org.springframework.security:spring-security-test'
    implementation group: 'nz.net.ultraq.thymeleaf', name: 'thymeleaf-layout-dialect', version: '3.1.0'

}

bootWar{
    archiveName("ROOT.war")
}

tasks.named('test') {
    useJUnitPlatform()
}

启动类配置 #

MyApplication.java

@SpringBootApplication
public class MyApplication extends SpringBootServletInitializer{

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MyApplication.class, args);
    }

}

ServletInitializer.java

public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer {

    @Override
    protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
        return application.sources(MyApplication.class);
    }

}

Tomcat启动日志 #

20-Jun-2022 12:17:03.944 INFO [Thread-3] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.pause Pausing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-80"]
20-Jun-2022 12:17:03.968 INFO [Thread-3] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.stopInternal Stopping service [Catalina]
20-Jun-2022 12:17:04.045 INFO [Thread-3] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.stop Stopping ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-80"]
20-Jun-2022 12:17:04.052 INFO [Thread-3] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.destroy Destroying ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-80"]
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.268 WARNING [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.setPath A context path must either be an empty string or start with a '/' and do not end with a '/'. The path [/] does not meet these criteria and has been changed to []
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.343 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version name:   Apache Tomcat/9.0.31 (Ubuntu)
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.344 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server built:          Mar 16 2022 18:51:24 UTC
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.345 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version number: 9.0.31.0
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.346 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Name:               Linux
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.347 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Version:            5.4.0-1018-aws
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.348 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Architecture:          amd64
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.348 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Java Home:             /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.351 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Version:           11.0.15+10-Ubuntu-0ubuntu0.20.04.1
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.352 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Vendor:            Private Build
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.352 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_BASE:         /var/lib/tomcat9
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.353 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_HOME:         /usr/share/tomcat9
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.355 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.356 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.357 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport=ALL-UNNAMED
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.358 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/var/lib/tomcat9/conf/logging.properties
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.359 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.362 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.awt.headless=true
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.363 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.363 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.363 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.364 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dignore.endorsed.dirs=
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.364 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.base=/var/lib/tomcat9
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.365 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.home=/usr/share/tomcat9
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.365 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.io.tmpdir=/tmp
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.367 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent Loaded APR based Apache Tomcat Native library [1.2.23] using APR version [1.6.5].
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.367 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent APR capabilities: IPv6 [true], sendfile [true], accept filters [false], random [true].
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.368 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent APR/OpenSSL configuration: useAprConnector [false], useOpenSSL [true]
20-Jun-2022 12:17:05.375 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.initializeSSL OpenSSL successfully initialized [OpenSSL 1.1.1f  31 Mar 2020]
20-Jun-2022 12:17:06.084 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-80"]
20-Jun-2022 12:17:06.156 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load Server initialization in [1,471] milliseconds
20-Jun-2022 12:17:06.314 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal Starting service [Catalina]
20-Jun-2022 12:17:06.315 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.31 (Ubuntu)]
20-Jun-2022 12:17:12.419 INFO [main] org.apache.jasper.servlet.TldScanner.scanJars At least one JAR was scanned for TLDs yet contained no TLDs. Enable debug logging for this logger for a complete list of JARs that were scanned but no TLDs were found in them. Skipping unneeded JARs during scanning can improve startup time and JSP compilation time.
20-Jun-2022 12:17:12.640 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor Deploying deployment descriptor [/etc/tomcat9/Catalina/localhost/host-manager.xml]
20-Jun-2022 12:17:12.648 WARNING [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor The path attribute with value [/host-manager] in deployment descriptor [/etc/tomcat9/Catalina/localhost/host-manager.xml] has been ignored
20-Jun-2022 12:17:13.716 INFO [main] org.apache.jasper.servlet.TldScanner.scanJars At least one JAR was scanned for TLDs yet contained no TLDs. Enable debug logging for this logger for a complete list of JARs that were scanned but no TLDs were found in them. Skipping unneeded JARs during scanning can improve startup time and JSP compilation time.
20-Jun-2022 12:17:13.721 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor Deployment of deployment descriptor [/etc/tomcat9/Catalina/localhost/host-manager.xml] has finished in [1,081] ms
20-Jun-2022 12:17:13.723 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor Deploying deployment descriptor [/etc/tomcat9/Catalina/localhost/manager.xml]
20-Jun-2022 12:17:13.724 WARNING [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor The path attribute with value [/manager] in deployment descriptor [/etc/tomcat9/Catalina/localhost/manager.xml] has been ignored
20-Jun-2022 12:17:14.651 INFO [main] org.apache.jasper.servlet.TldScanner.scanJars At least one JAR was scanned for TLDs yet contained no TLDs. Enable debug logging for this logger for a complete list of JARs that were scanned but no TLDs were found in them. Skipping unneeded JARs during scanning can improve startup time and JSP compilation time.
20-Jun-2022 12:17:14.694 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor Deployment of deployment descriptor [/etc/tomcat9/Catalina/localhost/manager.xml] has finished in [971] ms
20-Jun-2022 12:17:14.700 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-80"]
20-Jun-2022 12:17:14.732 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in [8,574] milliseconds

server.xml配置 #

<Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
      unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
<Context docBase="ROOT" path="/" reloadable="false" />
    <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
           prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
           pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
</Host>

排查修复方向 #

按优先级从高到低排查以下问题：

• JDK版本不匹配
  项目build.gradle中配置sourceCompatibility = '17'，即编译使用JDK17，但Tomcat运行环境为JDK11（日志中明确显示JVM Version为11.0.15），高版本编译的class文件无法在低版本JVM上运行，会直接导致应用初始化失败，无Spring启动日志输出。
  修复方案：要么将Tomcat运行JDK升级到17，要么将项目编译版本下调到11，保证编译和运行的JDK大版本一致。
• 错误引入starter-parent依赖
  spring-boot-starter-parent是Maven专用的父POM依赖，不能作为普通implementation依赖引入到Gradle项目中，会导致依赖树混乱，引发类冲突、配置加载失败等问题。
  修复方案：直接删除implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-parent:2.7.0'这行依赖，Gradle项目通过io.spring.dependency-management插件已经实现了和starter-parent一致的依赖版本管理能力，不需要额外引入。
• Spring Boot Servlet初始化配置冗余
  目前同时在MyApplication启动类继承了SpringBootServletInitializer，又单独写了ServletInitializer类继承同一个类，部分Tomcat版本扫描时会出现初始化类重复加载、找不到启动源的问题。
  修复方案：二选一即可，推荐直接删除独立的ServletInitializer.java，把configure方法直接写在MyApplication类中，代码如下：

  @SpringBootApplication
  public class MyApplication extends SpringBootServletInitializer{
  
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          SpringApplication.run(MyApplication.class, args);
      }
  
      @Override
      protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
          return application.sources(MyApplication.class);
      }
  }
  

• **Context配置