Perl中如何迭代遍历多行正则匹配块并解析为目标哈希结构

核心问题是原有代码在处理*multiline pattern（多行模式）*匹配时，块匹配逻辑为单次匹配，且使用贪婪匹配模式，仅能捕获单个内容块，无法遍历所有分段。

固定格式规则 #

• 每个内容块包含头部行，后接换行符，以及与头部长度相等的短横线分隔行
• 每个块固定以换行结尾，后接(Number of results = \d+)格式行，再接换行符
• 普通键值对的等号前后固定为两个空格，匹配模式为/ = /
• 若行内容无key部分、直接以等号开头，则该值属于前一个key，需追加到对应数组中（如示例中Alias字段）
• 整个输入字符串固定以--- END加换行符结尾

修正后可运行代码 #

#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use Data::Dumper;

local $/;
my $output = <DATA>;

my %hash;
($hash{'code'}, $hash{'description'}) = $output =~ /^RETCODE = (\d+)\s+(.*)\n/m;

if ($hash{'code'} eq "0") {
    # 块匹配加/g全局修饰、非贪婪匹配.*?，循环遍历所有块
    while ($output =~ /([^\n]+)\n-+\n(.*?)\n\n\(Number of results = (\d+)\)\n\n/msg) {
        my ($type, $data, $results) = ($1, $2, $3);
        $hash{$type}{results} = $results;
        my $previousKey = "";
        # 逐行处理块内键值对
        while ($data =~ /(.+)$/mg) {
            my $line = $1;
            $line =~ s/^ +//g;
            if ($line =~ /^\s*=  /) {
                my ($value) = $line =~ /^\s*=  (.*)$/;
                # 首次遇到多值key时，将原有标量转为数组
                $hash{$type}{$previousKey} = [ $hash{$type}{$previousKey} ] unless ref($hash{$type}{$previousKey});
                push (@{$hash{$type}{$previousKey}}, $value);
            } else {
                my ($key, $value) = split(/  =  /, $line, 2);
                $hash{$type}{$key} = $value;
                $previousKey = $key;
            }
        }
    }
    print Dumper(\%hash);
}

__DATA__

+++    STAR-WARS        2020-01-01 00:00:00+00:00
S&W    #00000000
%%SHOW NAME: Q=Kenobi;%%
RETCODE = 0  Operation success

In-universe information
-----------------------
                 Species  =  Human
                  Gender  =  Male
television series of num  =  whatever

(Number of results = 1)

Personal Details
----------------
                        First Name  =  Obi-Wan
                         Last Name  =  Kenobi
                             Alias  =  Padawan
                                    =  Jedi Knight
                                    =  Jedi General
                                    =  Jedi Master
Points to other set of information  =  whatever

(Number of results = 1)

Other attribute
---------------
Significant other  =  Satine Kryze
      Affiliation  =  Jedi Order
                   =  Galactic Republic
                   =  Rebel Alliance
       Occupation  =  Jedi

(Number of results = 1)

---    END

关键修改说明 #

• 块匹配正则添加/g全局匹配修饰符，配合while循环时，正则引擎会自动记录上次匹配结束的位置，逐次向后查找所有符合规则的块，无需手动计算偏移量
• 将块内容匹配的贪婪模式.*改为非贪婪模式.*?，避免贪婪匹配直接跨块吞掉中间所有内容，导致只匹配到最后一个块的问题
• 补全每个块的results字段存储，和预期输出结构对齐
• split键值对时增加第三个参数2，避免值本身包含 = 字符串时被意外拆分

运行后输出结构 #

$VAR1 = {
          'In-universe information' => {
                                         'Gender' => 'Male',
                                         'Species' => 'Human',
                                         'results' => '1',
                                         'television series of num' => 'whatever'
                                       },
          'Other attribute' => {
                                 'Affiliation' => [
                                                    'Jedi Order',
                                                    'Galactic Republic',
                                                    'Rebel Alliance'
                                                  ],
                                 'Occupation' => 'Jedi',
                                 'Significant other' => 'Satine Kryze',
                                 'results' => '1'
                               },
          'Personal Details' => {
                                  'Alias' => [
                                               'Padawan',
                                               'Jedi Knight',
                                               'Jedi General',
                                               'Jedi Master'
                                             ],
                                  'First Name' => 'Obi-Wan',
                                  'Last Name' => 'Kenobi',
                                  'Points to other set of information' => 'whatever',
                                  'results' => '1'
                                },
          'code' => '0',
          'description' => 'Operation success'
        };

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者h q