CMake编译无报错但build目录未生成hex/elf文件解决方法

现有配置的核心错误 #

• 交叉编译配置顺序错误：CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME、CMAKE_C_COMPILER等交叉编译核心参数必须放在project()命令前。当前配置将这类参数放在project()之后，CMake执行project()时会默认调用主机本地x86架构gcc做编译器检测，不会按裸机嵌入式流程生成目标文件，还可能自动给可执行文件添加主机平台后缀（如Windows环境下生成blink_cortex_m0plus.elf.exe，导致按文件名查找不到）。
• 语法错误：include_directories语句的闭合括号被注释，后续add_executable、自定义构建命令会被异常解析，目标文件无法正常生成。
• 输出路径硬编码错误：hex、bin、map文件的输出路径被硬编码为${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/build/，如果采用外部构建、自定义构建目录，该路径可能不存在，objcopy写入文件失败时不会中断构建流程，最终无对应输出文件。需替换为CMake内置变量${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}指向当前实际构建目录。
• 链接参数引用未定义变量：设置CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS时引用了从未定义的${LINKER_FLAGS}变量，可能导致链接脚本路径、参数未正确传入，链接流程异常。
• 工具路径未校验：直接写arm-none-eabi-objcopy调用，如果系统PATH未配置工具链路径，会导致命令静默执行失败。

具体修改方法 #

1. 调整配置顺序，将交叉编译相关参数移到project()之前，同时添加编译器检测跳过配置，避免嵌入式平台检测报错：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.7.2)
# 交叉编译配置必须在project()之前声明
set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Generic)
set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION 1)
set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER arm-none-eabi-gcc)
find_program(OBJCOPY arm-none-eabi-objcopy REQUIRED)
# 跳过编译器可执行文件检测，适配裸机平台
set(CMAKE_TRY_COMPILE_TARGET_TYPE STATIC_LIBRARY)

project(blink_cortex_m0plus)
enable_language(ASM)

2. 修复include_directories语法错误，放开被注释的闭合括号：

include_directories(
        ${PROJECT_INCLUDE_DIRS}
        ${CYPRESS_PERIPHERAL_DRIVERS_LIBRARY_INCLUDE_DIRS}
)

3. 修正链接参数和输出路径配置，删除未定义变量引用，替换硬编码路径：

# 架构、编译警告等原有flag配置保持不变
set(PROJECT_FLAGS_ARCH
    "-mcpu=cortex-m0plus \
     -mthumb"
)

set(PROJECT_LINKER_FLAGS
    "-Wl,-Map=${PROJECT_NAME}.map \
    -L${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/../config/ \
    -Tlinker.ld"
)

set(PROJECT_C_FLAGS_WARNINGS   "${COMMON_FLAGS_WARNINGS} ${C_FLAGS_WARNINGS_EXTRA}")

set(PROJECT_INCLUDE_DIRS
    ${PROJECT_CONFIG_DIR}
    ${BLINK_DIR}/../
    ${CYPRESS_CORE_LIBRARY}
)

set(PROJECT_SRCS
    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/main_cm0plus.c
    ${CYPRESS_PERIPHERAL_DRIVERS_LIBRARY}system_tviibe1m_cm0plus.c
    ${CYPRESS_PERIPHERAL_DRIVERS_LIBRARY}startup_cm0plus.S
)

set (CMAKE_C_FLAGS   "${C_FLAGS} ${C_FLAGS_WARNINGS}  ${FLAGS_OPTIMIZATION} ${PROJECT_FLAGS_ARCH}")
set (CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS "${C_FLAGS}   ${C_FLAGS_WARNINGS}   ${FLAGS_OPTIMIZATION} ${PROJECT_FLAGS_ARCH}")
# 去掉未定义的${LINKER_FLAGS}引用
set (CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${PROJECT_LINKER_FLAGS} ${FLAGS_OPTIMIZATION} ${PROJECT_FLAGS_ARCH}")

add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME}.elf ${PROJECT_SRCS} ${CYPRESS_PERIPHERAL_DRIVERS_LIBRARY_SRCS})
# 禁止CMake自动添加.exe等主机平台可执行后缀
set_target_properties(${PROJECT_NAME}.elf PROPERTIES SUFFIX "")

# 所有输出文件统一使用CMAKE_BINARY_DIR路径
set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} -Wl,-Map=${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.map")
set(HEX_FILE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.hex)
set(BIN_FILE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.bin)

add_custom_command(TARGET ${PROJECT_NAME}.elf POST_BUILD
        COMMAND ${OBJCOPY} -Oihex $<TARGET_FILE:${PROJECT_NAME}.elf> ${HEX_FILE}
        COMMAND ${OBJCOPY} -Obinary $<TARGET_FILE:${PROJECT_NAME}.elf> ${BIN_FILE}
        COMMENT "Building ${HEX_FILE} \nBuilding ${BIN_FILE}")

构建验证 #

删除原有构建目录后重新执行构建，避免旧缓存影响：

rm -rf build
cmake -B build
cmake --build build -j

构建完成后，直接在build目录下即可找到生成的elf、hex、bin、map文件。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者mrm