如何使用jq删除composer.json中匹配指定字符串的嵌套条目

问题背景 #

开发、生产环境切换场景下，需要用jq编辑composer.json，移除require字段下匹配指定规则的依赖项。原有通过to_entries实现筛选的方案会破坏JSON原有结构，且无法正确执行删除操作。

问题复现 #

示例composer.json #

{
    "name": "laravel/laravel",
    "type": "project",
    "description": "The Laravel Framework.",
    "keywords": ["framework", "laravel"],
    "license": "MIT",
    "require": {
        "php": "^8.0",
        "kreait/laravel-firebase": "^4.1",
        "laravel/cashier-paddle": "^1.5",
        "laravel/framework": "^8.75",
        "laravel/sanctum": "^2.11",
        "laravel/socialite": "^5.5",
        "laravel/tinker": "^2.5",
        "livewire/livewire": "^2.5",
        "lorisleiva/laravel-actions": "^2.4",
        "owenvoke/blade-fontawesome": "*",
        "protonemedia/laravel-verify-new-email": "^1.5",
        "pusher/pusher-php-server": "^7.0",
        "rapidstatic/rapidstatic": "dev-master",
        "rapidstatic/scraper": "dev-master",
        "razorui/blade-application-ui": "^0.3.0"
    }
}

原有错误命令 #

jq '.require | to_entries | map(select(.key | contains("rapidstatic")))' composer.json

原有命令输出 #

输出仅返回筛选到的条目，将原对象转为了key/value结构的数组，破坏了composer.json的完整结构：

[
  {
    "key": "rapidstatic/rapidstatic",
    "value": "dev-master"
  },
  {
    "key": "rapidstatic/scraper",
    "value": "dev-master"
  }
]

正确实现方案 #

不需要将对象转为entry数组，直接使用del函数搭配路径匹配即可删除目标依赖，全程保留原JSON结构：

预览修改结果（不修改源文件） #

jq 'del(.require[keys[] | select(contains("rapidstatic"))])' composer.json

原地修改源文件 #

jq -i 'del(.require[keys[] | select(contains("rapidstatic"))])' composer.json

命令逻辑说明 #

• 操作全程在原JSON结构上执行，不会改动require外的其他顶层字段，也不会将对象转为数组破坏格式
• keys[]遍历require字段下所有依赖包名，通过select(contains("rapidstatic"))筛选出需要删除的目标包
• del()函数直接删除匹配路径对应的键值对，输出结果完全符合composer.json的原有结构规范

执行后效果 #

两个rapidstatic/*依赖会被从require中移除，其余内容完全保留：

{
  "name": "laravel/laravel",
  "type": "project",
  "description": "The Laravel Framework.",
  "keywords": ["framework", "laravel"],
  "license": "MIT",
  "require": {
    "php": "^8.0",
    "kreait/laravel-firebase": "^4.1",
    "laravel/cashier-paddle": "^1.5",
    "laravel/framework": "^8.75",
    "laravel/sanctum": "^2.11",
    "laravel/socialite": "^5.5",
    "laravel/tinker": "^2.5",
    "livewire/livewire": "^2.5",
    "lorisleiva/laravel-actions": "^2.4",
    "owenvoke/blade-fontawesome": "*",
    "protonemedia/laravel-verify-new-email": "^1.5",
    "pusher/pusher-php-server": "^7.0",
    "razorui/blade-application-ui": "^0.3.0"
  }
}

扩展匹配规则 #

只需修改select()内的判断逻辑，即可适配不同的筛选需求：

• 筛选版本为dev-master的包：select(. == "dev-master")
• 筛选包名以laravel/开头的包：select(startswith("laravel/"))
• 同时匹配多个关键词：select(contains("rapidstatic") or contains("dev-"))

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者BlakeyUK