React Native执行npm run android时安卓构建失败无法安装应用

问题现象 #

使用React Native开发移动端应用，在Android模拟器测试时执行npm run android命令出现构建失败。此前尝试修改gradle.build文件、将SDK版本升级至31等操作均未生效，npm install命令可正常执行，无漏洞提示。
完整执行输出如下：

>react-native run-android
    
    warn Package react-native-vector-icons has been ignored because it contains invalid configuration. Reason: "dependency.assets" is not allowed
    info Running jetifier to migrate libraries to AndroidX. You can disable it using "--no-jetifier" flag.
    (node:16364) Warning: Accessing non-existent property 'padLevels' of module exports inside circular dependency
    (Use `node --trace-warnings ...` to show where the warning was created)
    Jetifier found 1186 file(s) to forward-jetify. Using 12 workers...
    info Starting JS server...
    info Installing the app...
    > Task :app:mergeDebugAssets FAILED
    
    Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 7.0.
    Use '--warning-mode all' to show the individual deprecation warnings.
    23 actionable tasks: 23 executed
    Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/repository/android/common/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/repository/android/common/01      
    Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/repository/android/generic/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/repository/android/generic/01    
    Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/addon2/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/addon2/01
    Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/repository2/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/repository2/01
    Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/sys-img2/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/sys-img2/01
    Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/repository/android/common/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/repository/android/common/01
    Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/repository/android/generic/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/repository/android/generic/01
    Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/addon2/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/addon2/01
    Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/addon2/03 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/addon2/01
    Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/repository2/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/repository2/01
    Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/repository2/03 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/repository2/01
    Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/sys-img2/03 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/sys-img2/01
    Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/sys-img2/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/sys-img2/01
    Warning: élément inattendu (URI : "", local : "base-extension"). Les éléments attendus sont <{}codename>,<{}layoutlib>,<{}api-level>
    
    FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.
    
    * What went wrong:
    Execution failed for task ':app:mergeDebugAssets'.
    > Could not resolve all files for configuration ':app:debugRuntimeClasspath'.
       > Failed to transform react-native-reanimated-69-jsc.aar (project :react-native-reanimated) to match attributes {artifactType=android-assets}.
          > Execution failed for JetifyTransform: C:\Users\ghars\OneDrive\Bureau\react-navigation-v6-mix\node_modules\react-native-reanimated\android\react-native-reanimated-69-jsc.aar.
             > Transform's input file does not exist: C:\Users\ghars\OneDrive\Bureau\react-navigation-v6-mix\node_modules\react-native-reanimated\android\react-native-reanimated-69-jsc.aar.
    
    * Try:
    Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output. Run with --scan to get full insights.
    
    BUILD FAILED in 8s
    
    error Failed to install the app. Make sure you have the Android development environment set up.
    Error: Command failed: gradlew.bat app:installDebug -PreactNativeDevServerPort=8081
    Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/repository/android/common/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/repository/android/common/01
    Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/repository/android/generic/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/repository/android/generic/01
    Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/addon2/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/addon2/01
    Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/repository2/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/repository2/01
    Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/sys-img2/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/sys-img2/01
    Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/repository/android/common/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/repository/android/common/01
    Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/repository/android/generic/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/repository/android/generic/01
    Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/addon2/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/addon2/01
    Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/addon2/03 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/addon2/01
    Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/repository2/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/repository2/01
    Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/repository2/03 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/repository2/01
    Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/sys-img2/03 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/sys-img2/01
    Warning: Mapping new ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/sys-img2/02 to old ns http://schemas.android.com/sdk/android/repo/sys-img2/01
    Warning: élément inattendu (URI : "", local : "base-extension"). Les éléments attendus sont <{}codename>,<{}layoutlib>,<{}api-level>
    
    FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.
    
    * What went wrong:
    Execution failed for task ':app:mergeDebugAssets'.
    > Could not resolve all files for configuration ':app:debugRuntimeClasspath'.
       > Failed to transform react-native-reanimated-69-jsc.aar (project :react-native-reanimated) to match attributes {artifactType=android-assets}.
          > Execution failed for JetifyTransform: C:\Users\ghars\OneDrive\Bureau\react-navigation-v6-mix\node_modules\react-native-reanimated\android\react-native-reanimated-69-jsc.aar.
             > Transform's input file does not exist: C:\Users\ghars\OneDrive\Bureau\react-navigation-v6-mix\node_modules\react-native-reanimated\android\react-native-reanimated-69-jsc.aar.
    
    * Try:
    Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output. Run with --scan to get full insights.
    
    BUILD FAILED in 8s
    
        at makeError (C:\Users\ghars\OneDrive\Bureau\react-navigation-v6-mix\node_modules\execa\index.js:174:9)
        at C:\Users\ghars\OneDrive\Bureau\react-navigation-v6-mix\node_modules\execa\index.js:278:16
        at processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:96:5)
        at async runOnAllDevices (C:\Users\ghars\OneDrive\Bureau\react-navigation-v6-mix\node_modules\@react-native-community\cli-platform-android\build\commands\runAndroid\runOnAllDevices.js:109:5)
        at async Command.handleAction (C:\Users\ghars\OneDrive\Bureau\react-navigation-v6-mix\node_modules\@react-native-community\cli\build\index.js:192:9)
    info Run CLI with --verbose flag for more details.

报错根因 #

核心问题是react-native-reanimated依赖的预构建AAR产物缺失，Jetifier转换时找不到对应文件，直接导致mergeDebugAssets任务执行失败。日志里的SDK命名空间映射警告、Gradle版本兼容警告、react-native-vector-icons配置警告都不是本次构建失败的直接原因。

解决步骤 #

按顺序执行以下操作即可修复：

• 清理项目依赖与缓存
  在项目根目录执行命令，Windows环境如果不支持rm命令可手动删除node_modules文件夹：

  rm -rf node_modules
  npm cache clean --force
  npm install
  

• 手动构建reanimated的缺失AAR产物
  进入reanimated包的android目录执行构建命令，Windows环境把./gradlew替换为gradlew.bat：

  cd node_modules/react-native-reanimated/android
  ./gradlew assembleRelease
  

• 清理Android构建缓存后重新运行项目
  回到项目根目录，执行以下命令：

  cd ../../../
  cd android
  ./gradlew clean
  cd ..
  npm run android
  

• 额外优化：如果要消除react-native-vector-icons的警告，把该依赖升级到6.7.0及以上版本即可，新版本已修复dependency.assets配置不合法的问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Emna Gharsalli