Android端报JSONException: JSONObject无法转换为JSONArray问题

通过IP地址访问Web服务接口时，Android端抛出JSON类型不匹配异常，同接口在浏览器中访问可返回正常响应，异常日志如下：

org.json.JSONException: Value {"dsdata":{"ttlogin":[{"BundyId":"9090","Name":"IT DEVELOPMENT"}]}} of type org.json.JSONObject cannot be converted to JSONArray
W/System.err:     at org.json.JSON.typeMismatch(JSON.java:112)

@Override
protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
    
    String login_url ="http://200.200.200.20/bin/dev/dispatch/truckunloading.p";

    try {

        URL url = new URL(login_url);
        HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(10000);
        httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
        httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);
        httpURLConnection.setDoInput(true);

        OutputStream OS = httpURLConnection.getOutputStream();
        BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(OS, "UTF-8"));

        String data = URLEncoder.encode("ctype", "UTF-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode("login", "UTF-8") + "&"
                + URLEncoder.encode("clogin", "UTF-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode("9090", "UTF-8");

        bufferedWriter.write(data);
        bufferedWriter.flush();
        bufferedWriter.close();
        OS.close();

        Log.e("ERROR OBJECT", "Conneting");

        InputStream inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(
                new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "iso-8859-1"));

        String response = "";
        String line = "";
        while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
            response += line;
        }

        bufferedReader.close();
        inputStream.close();
        httpURLConnection.disconnect();
        try {
            JSONArray jsonarray = new JSONArray(response);
            for (int i = 0; i < jsonarray.length(); i++) {
                JSONObject jsonobject = jsonarray.getJSONObject(i);
                Log.e("ERROR OBJECT", jsonobject.toString());
            }

        } catch (JSONException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return response;
        }

        return "good";
    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        return "fail";

    } catch (IOException ee) {
        ee.printStackTrace();
        return "fail";
    }
}

• JSON解析层级完全错误：接口返回的根结构是JSONObject类型，内容为{"dsdata":{"ttlogin":[{"BundyId":"9090","Name":"IT DEVELOPMENT"}]}}，代码直接将整个响应字符串作为JSONArray解析，必然触发类型不匹配异常。实际需要遍历的数组是嵌套在dsdata对象下的ttlogin字段，并非根节点。
• 响应字符集配置错误：请求输出使用UTF-8编码，读取响应时却硬编码使用iso-8859-1编码，存在返回内容乱码导致解析失败的隐患。浏览器会自动适配响应头的字符集配置，所以不会触发该问题。

1. 将响应读取的字符集从iso-8859-1改为UTF-8，和请求编码保持一致。
2. 按照接口返回的实际JSON结构逐层解析，不要直接把根节点作为数组处理。

修复后的解析逻辑代码示例：

// 第一步：解析根节点为JSONObject
JSONObject rootJson = new JSONObject(response);
// 第二步：取出嵌套的dsdata对象
JSONObject dsDataObj = rootJson.getJSONObject("dsdata");
// 第三步：取出ttlogin字段对应的数组，这才是需要遍历的目标数组
JSONArray ttloginArray = dsDataObj.getJSONArray("ttlogin");
for (int i = 0; i < ttloginArray.length(); i++) {
    JSONObject userObj = ttloginArray.getJSONObject(i);
    String bundyId = userObj.getString("BundyId");
    String name = userObj.getString("Name");
    Log.e("LOGIN_INFO", "工号：" + bundyId + "，姓名：" + name);
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Madhab Dhakal