R Plotly如何通过代码设置子图中3D图的相机视角

• 目标：编写R语言Plotly代码直接生成符合预期的多子图组合图，无需绘图完成后手动调整。
• 现存问题：子图中的3D极限环图默认生成时会和其他子图重叠，异常效果如下：
  
• 预期效果：必须手动通过Plotly交互栏的缩放、平移、旋转功能重置视角才能得到，效果如下：
  
• 核心需求：通过代码自动完成3D图的视角、位置调整，不需要手动交互操作。

代码存在两个核心问题导致显示异常：

1. 单独给Fig1b设置的scene相关参数（坐标轴范围、相机视角），会在调用subplot()组装多子图时被覆盖，之前写的camera配置完全不生效
2. 最终组装子图时，仅给3D图对应的scene设置了位置domain，没有同步绑定坐标轴、相机参数，导致3D图默认占满整个画布和其他子图重叠，同时使用默认视角而非预期角度。

把3D图的所有配置（位置、坐标轴范围、相机参数）统一写到最终layout()的scene属性里即可，修改后的完整代码如下：

dataresults1ab <- read.table("./Datas/dataresults1ab.txt")
dataresults1c <- read.table("./Datas/dataresults1c.txt")
dataresults1d <- read.table("./Datas/dataresults1d.txt")

Fig1a <- plot_ly(dataresults1ab,x= ~time,y= ~N1,name = "Species 1", type = "scatter", mode = "lines") %>%
   add_trace(y= ~N2, name = "Species 2", mode="lines") %>%
   add_trace(y= ~N3, name = "Species 3", mode="lines")%>%
   layout(
     title="Time course of the abundances of three species competing for three ressources",
     xaxis=list(title="Time (days)",range=c(0,200)),
     yaxis=list(title="Species abundances",range=c(0,50))
   )

# 3D子图单独定义时不需要加layout，避免后续被覆盖
Fig1b<- plot_ly(dataresults1ab, x = ~N1, y = ~N2, z = ~N3, type = "scatter3d", mode = "lines")

Fig1c <- plot_ly(dataresults1c,x= ~time,y= ~N1,name = "Species 1", type = "scatter", mode = "lines") %>%
   add_trace(y= ~N2, name = "Species 2", mode="lines") %>%
   add_trace(y= ~N3, name = "Species 3", mode="lines") %>%
   add_trace(y= ~N4, name = "Species 4", mode="lines") %>%
   add_trace(y= ~N5, name = "Species 5", mode="lines") %>%
   add_trace(y= ~N6, name = "Species 6", mode="lines") %>%
   layout(
     title="Small-amplitude oscilations of six species on three ressources",
     xaxis=list(title="Time (days)",range=c(0,15000)),
     yaxis=list(title="Species abundances",range=c(0,70))
   )

Fig1d <- plot_ly(dataresults1d,x= ~time,y= ~N1,name = "Species 1", type = "scatter", mode = "lines") %>%
   add_trace(y= ~N2, name = "Species 2", mode="lines") %>%
   add_trace(y= ~N3, name = "Species 3", mode="lines") %>%
   add_trace(y= ~N4, name = "Species 4", mode="lines") %>%
   add_trace(y= ~N5, name = "Species 5", mode="lines") %>%
   add_trace(y= ~N6, name = "Species 6", mode="lines") %>%
   add_trace(y= ~N7, name = "Species 7", mode="lines") %>%
   add_trace(y= ~N8, name = "Species 8", mode="lines") %>%
   add_trace(y= ~N9, name = "Species 9", mode="lines") %>%
   layout(
     title="Large-amplitude oscilations of nine species on three ressources",
     xaxis=list(title="Time (days)",range=c(0,3000)),
     yaxis=list(title="Species abundances",range=c(0,40))
   )

Fig1 <- subplot(Fig1a,Fig1b,Fig1c,Fig1d,nrows=2,margin=0.1,titleY=T,titleX = T)%>%
   layout(
     # 3D图所有配置统一在此设置，避免被subplot覆盖
     scene=list(
       domain = list(x = c(0.5,1), y = c(0.5,1)),
       xaxis=list(title="Species 1",range=c(0,50)),
       yaxis=list(title="Species 2",range=c(0,50)),
       zaxis=list(title="Species 3",range=c(0,50)),
       # 相机参数可根据需求微调，当前参数匹配示例目标效果
       camera=list(
         up=list(x=0,y=0.5,z=0.5),
         center=list(x=0,y=0,z=0),
         eye=list(x=1.5,y=1.5,z=0.8)
       )
     ),
     showlegend=F,
     title="",
     annotations = list(
       list( 
         x = 0,  
         y = 1,  
         text = "a)",  
         xref = "paper",  
         yref = "paper",  
         xanchor = "center",  
         yanchor = "bottom",  
         showarrow = F
       ),  
       list( 
         x = 0.6,  
         y = 1,  
         text = "b)",  
         xref = "paper",  
         yref = "paper",  
         xanchor = "center",  
         yanchor = "bottom",  
         showarrow = F
       ),  
       list( 
         x = 0,  
         y = 0.425,  
         text = "c)",  
         xref = "paper",  
         yref = "paper",  
         xanchor = "center",  
         yanchor = "bottom",  
         showarrow = F
       ),
       list( 
         x = 0.6,  
         y = 0.425,  
         text = "d)",
         xref = "paper",  
         yref = "paper",  
         xanchor = "center",  
         yanchor = "bottom",  
         showarrow = F
       )
     )
   )

如果默认给的相机角度和你想要的效果有偏差，可以用如下方法精准获取参数：

• 先运行代码生成图，手动把3D子图旋转、缩放到你最满意的视角
• 在R控制台执行plotly_json(Fig1)，在弹出的交互查看器里找到scene.camera节点下的eye、up、center三个参数的具体数值
• 把这组数值直接替换代码里camera对应的配置，后续运行代码就能100%复现你调整好的视角，不需要反复试错。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者ggeremy