SpringBoot单元测试中SLF4J依赖冲突排查求助

大家好，我最近在做一个SpringBoot+Maven的项目，写了个简单的单元测试来验证应用能正常启动不抛异常，结果遇到了SLF4J的依赖冲突问题，折腾了半天没搞定，来求助大家帮忙分析下~

问题背景 #

我写了一个基础的SpringBoot启动类，用了Lombok的@Slf4j注解，还配置了AWS SDK的日志参数。然后写了个单元测试直接调用main方法，结果运行测试时触发了SLF4J的依赖冲突错误，导致测试失败。

相关代码 #

启动类 ReporterApplication #

package com.dummy.reporter;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;

/**
 * Application starting point.
 */
@Slf4j
@EnableAsync
@EnableScheduling
@SpringBootApplication
public class ReporterApplication {
    static {
        System.setProperty("aws.crt.log.level", "Warn");
        System.setProperty("aws.crt.log.destination", "Stdout");
        log.debug("Configured AWS SDK log");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ReporterApplication.class, args);
    }
}

单元测试类 ReporterApplicationTest #

@Test
public void testMain() {
    // This test is just a placeholder to ensure that the main method can be invoked without exceptions.
    // In a real-world scenario, you might want to mock the Spring context or check for specific beans.
    ReporterApplication.main(new String[]{});
    // If the application starts without throwing an exception, we consider it successful.
    assertTrue(true);
}

测试错误日志 #

运行测试后得到的错误输出：

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.073 s <<< FAILURE! -- in com.dummy.reporter.ReporterApplicationTest
[ERROR] com.dummy.reporter.ReporterApplicationTest.testMain -- Time elapsed: 0.054 s <<< ERROR!
java.lang.IllegalStateException: LoggerFactory is not a Logback LoggerContext but Logback is on the classpath. Either remove Logback or the competing implementation (class org.slf4j.helpers.NOPLoggerFactory loaded from file:/Users/e1083827/.m2/repository/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/1.7.36/slf4j-api-1.7.36.jar). If you are using WebLogic you will need to add 'org.slf4j' to prefer-application-packages in WEB-INF/weblogic.xml
    at org.springframework.util.Assert.state(Assert.java:101)
    at org.springframework.boot.logging.logback.LogbackLoggingSystem.getLoggerContext(LogbackLoggingSystem.java:410)
    at org.springframework.boot.logging.logback.LogbackLoggingSystem.beforeInitialize(LogbackLoggingSystem.java:129)
    at org.springframework.boot.context.logging.LoggingApplicationListener.onApplicationStartingEvent(LoggingApplicationListener.java:238)
    at org.springframework.boot.context.logging.LoggingApplicationListener.onApplicationEvent(LoggingApplicationListener.java:220)
    at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.doInvokeListener(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:180)
    at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.invokeListener(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:173)
    at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.multicastEvent(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:151)
    at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.multicastEvent(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:133)
    at org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener.multicastInitialEvent(EventPublishingRunListener.java:136)
    at org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener.starting(EventPublishingRunListener.java:75)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListeners.lambda$starting$0(SpringApplicationRunListeners.java:54)
    at java.base/java.lang.Iterable.forEach(Iterable.java:75)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListeners.doWithListeners(SpringApplicationRunListeners.java:118)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListeners.starting(SpringApplicationRunListeners.java:54)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:310)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1361)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1350)
    at com.dummy.reporter.ReporterApplication.main(ReporterApplication.java:25)
    at com.dummy.reporter.ReporterApplicationTest.testMain(ReporterApplicationTest.java:13)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:103)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:580)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:59)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:56)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:306)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner$1.evaluate(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:100)

我的疑问 #

从错误信息看，是SLF4J的实现冲突了：一边有Logback在类路径，另一边又加载了org.slf4j.helpers.NOPLoggerFactory。我想请教大家：

• 具体是哪两个依赖库导致了这个冲突？
• 我应该移除哪个依赖来解决这个问题？
• 有没有更高效的Maven命令或工具，能帮我快速定位依赖树里的冲突项？

内容来源于stack exchange