Flink1.14.2连接Hive批处理执行SQL报NoClassDefFoundError异常

• Flink版本：1.14.2
• Hive版本：2.1.1

使用Flink对接Hive执行批处理任务，通过Flink SQL执行查询操作时报错，初始抛出java.lang.BootstrapMethodError，根因为java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError，缺失类为org/apache/flink/util/function/SerializableFunction。
完整异常堆栈如下：

java.lang.BootstrapMethodError: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/flink/util/function/SerializableFunction
        at org.apache.flink.connector.jdbc.table.JdbcOutputFormatBuilder.build(JdbcOutputFormatBuilder.java:100)
        at org.apache.flink.connector.jdbc.table.JdbcDynamicTableSink.getSinkRuntimeProvider(JdbcDynamicTableSink.java:89)
        at org.apache.flink.table.planner.plan.nodes.exec.common.CommonExecSink.createSinkTransformation(CommonExecSink.java:121)
        at org.apache.flink.table.planner.plan.nodes.exec.batch.BatchExecSink.translateToPlanInternal(BatchExecSink.java:59)
        at org.apache.flink.table.planner.plan.nodes.exec.ExecNodeBase.translateToPlan(ExecNodeBase.java:134)
        at org.apache.flink.table.planner.delegation.BatchPlanner$$anonfun$1.apply(BatchPlanner.scala:82)
        at org.apache.flink.table.planner.delegation.BatchPlanner$$anonfun$1.apply(BatchPlanner.scala:81)
        at scala.collection.TraversableLike$$anonfun$map$1.apply(TraversableLike.scala:234)
        at scala.collection.TraversableLike$$anonfun$map$1.apply(TraversableLike.scala:234)
        at scala.collection.Iterator$class.foreach(Iterator.scala:891)
        at scala.collection.AbstractIterator.foreach(Iterator.scala:1334)
        at scala.collection.IterableLike$class.foreach(IterableLike.scala:72)
        at scala.collection.AbstractIterable.foreach(Iterable.scala:54)
        at scala.collection.TraversableLike$class.map(TraversableLike.scala:234)
        at scala.collection.AbstractTraversable.map(Traversable.scala:104)
        at org.apache.flink.table.planner.delegation.BatchPlanner.translateToPlan(BatchPlanner.scala:81)
        at org.apache.flink.table.planner.delegation.PlannerBase.translate(PlannerBase.scala:185)
        at org.apache.flink.table.api.internal.TableEnvironmentImpl.translate(TableEnvironmentImpl.java:1665)
        at org.apache.flink.table.api.internal.TableEnvironmentImpl.executeInternal(TableEnvironmentImpl.java:752)
        at org.apache.flink.table.api.internal.TableEnvironmentImpl.executeInternal(TableEnvironmentImpl.java:872)
        at org.apache.flink.table.api.internal.TableEnvironmentImpl.executeSql(TableEnvironmentImpl.java:742)
        at com.zhhainiao.wp.stat.PaidConversationRate$.main(PaidConversationRate.scala:172)
        at com.zhhainiao.wp.stat.PaidConversationRate.main(PaidConversationRate.scala)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
        at org.apache.flink.client.program.PackagedProgram.callMainMethod(PackagedProgram.java:355)
        at org.apache.flink.client.program.PackagedProgram.invokeInteractiveModeForExecution(PackagedProgram.java:222)
        at org.apache.flink.client.ClientUtils.executeProgram(ClientUtils.java:114)
        at org.apache.flink.client.cli.CliFrontend.executeProgram(CliFrontend.java:812)
        at org.apache.flink.client.cli.CliFrontend.run(CliFrontend.java:246)
        at org.apache.flink.client.cli.CliFrontend.parseAndRun(CliFrontend.java:1054)
        at org.apache.flink.client.cli.CliFrontend.lambda$main$10(CliFrontend.java:1132)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)
        at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1698)
        at org.apache.flink.runtime.security.contexts.HadoopSecurityContext.runSecured(HadoopSecurityContext.java:41)
        at org.apache.flink.client.cli.CliFrontend.main(CliFrontend.java:1132)
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/flink/util/function/SerializableFunction
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)

从异常堆栈可以定位到报错触发点是JDBC连接器初始化阶段，核心原因有两类：

• 引入的flink-connector-jdbc依赖版本和Flink 1.14.2集群版本不匹配。org.apache.flink.util.function.SerializableFunction是Flink核心包自带的基础类，若使用了适配Flink 1.15及以上版本的JDBC连接器，高版本连接器编译时依赖的类签名、类路径与1.14版本不兼容，就会抛出类找不到的错误。
• 作业打包时错误将Flink核心依赖（如flink-core、flink-table相关包、旧版本flink-util包）打入业务胖包，类加载时优先读取胖包内错误版本的类，引发类冲突导致加载失败。

• 对齐连接器版本：将项目中flink-connector-jdbc依赖的版本明确指定为1.14.2，禁止使用RELEASE、LATEST这类自动拉取最新版本的版本声明，避免引入高版本不兼容的连接器。
• 修正依赖scope：将所有Flink集群已预装的依赖（包括flink-java、flink-core、flink-streaming-java、flink-table-*、flink-connector-hive等）的scope设置为provided，避免这些依赖被打入业务jar包引发类加载冲突。
• 如果是通过SQL Client提交作业，检查Flink根目录下lib文件夹内上传的JDBC连接器jar包版本，确认是适配Flink 1.14版本的安装包，不要放错跨大版本的连接器文件。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者xcrossed xcrossed