是否存在无Arrays概念或使用替代方案的编程语言？Arrays是否存在于所有编程语言？

Great question! Let’s break this down step by step to clear up your confusion.

First, we need to define what we mean by an array: typically a contiguous block of memory storing ordered elements, accessible directly via an index. If we stick strictly to this definition, the answer is no—not all languages have native arrays as a first-class feature.

But here’s the key nuance: almost every programming language provides some way to work with ordered collections of elements—even if it’s not called an "array" or doesn’t match the classic contiguous-memory implementation. For example:

• Functional languages like Haskell don’t have a native array type, but its Vector library type offers the core array features (contiguous storage, O(1) index access). Its default List is a linked list, not an array, but still handles most ordered collection use cases.
• Logic languages like Prolog have no explicit arrays, but you can use lists (e.g., [1,2,3]) or fact databases to simulate ordered element storage and access.

The claim that "arrays exist in all programming languages" is better interpreted as: ordered element collections are a fundamental requirement for programming, so nearly every language has some implementation of this concept—whether it’s called an array, list, vector, or something else. It’s totally normal for a beginner to find this claim exaggerated; you just haven’t encountered all the creative ways languages implement this core functionality yet.

Code Golf languages are designed for extreme brevity and minimalism, so their take on "arrays" is often unconventional—but they almost always have a way to handle ordered elements:

• Explicit arrays: Languages like Brainfuck are built around an infinite byte array (the "memory tape"), where you move a pointer to access different positions. This is a raw, low-level array implementation.
• Stack-based simulation: Many stack-focused minimal languages don’t have explicit arrays, but use stack push/pop operations to mimic ordered storage and traversal. While you can’t do random access easily, it works for many Code Golf scenarios.
• String/single variable hacks: Some languages only support strings, so developers treat each character as an array element. Even more extreme: a language with only one integer variable can use digit positions or base encoding to store multiple "elements" in a single number.
• State-based simulation: A tiny number of ultra-minimal languages lack any collection type, but you can simulate arrays by reusing variables or leveraging the language’s internal state—though this is tedious, it’s possible for the compact use cases in Code Golf.

In short: these obscure languages might not have an "array" keyword, but they always have a workaround to fulfill the core purpose of arrays—storing and manipulating ordered elements.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者FoundABetterName