Polkadot.js调用signAndSend传入signer参数触发编译错误

• 开发环境为Next.js框架，基于Polkadot.js实现前端交互逻辑
• 实现目标：对接浏览器钱包扩展获取账户，调用signAndSend方法发起已部署合约的交易
• 异常表现：代码编译阶段抛出TypeScript类型不匹配错误

业务代码片段 #

const injector = await web3FromSource(performingAccount.meta.source);
const keyring = new Keyring({ type: 'sr25519' });
//    const accountKeyring = keyring.addFromUri('//Alice');
const accountKeyring = keyring.addFromAddress(performingAccount.address);

const flip = await contract.tx.flip({ value: 0, gasLimit: -1 });
flip.signAndSend(accountKeyring,{signer:injector.signer},(result) => {
  if (result.status.isInBlock) {
    setResult("in a block");
  } else if (result.status.isFinalized) {
    setResult("finalized");
  }
});

编译报错信息 #

(property) signer?: Signer | undefined
Type 'import("/Users/shin.takahashi/develop/substrate/flipper_frontend/fillper_frontend/node_modules/@polkadot/rpc-core/node_modules/@polkadot/types/types/extrinsic").Signer' is not assignable to type 'import("/Users/shin.takahashi/develop/substrate/flipper_frontend/fillper_frontend/node_modules/@polkadot/api-contract/node_modules/@polkadot/types/types/extrinsic").Signer'.
  Types of property 'update' are incompatible.
    Type '((id: number, status: H256 | ISubmittableResult) => void) | undefined' is not assignable to type '((id: number, status: ISubmittableResult | H256) => void) | undefined'.
      Type '(id: number, status: H256 | ISubmittableResult) => void' is not assignable to type '(id: number, status: ISubmittableResult | H256) => void'.
        Types of parameters 'status' and 'status' are incompatible.
          Type 'ISubmittableResult | H256' is not assignable to type 'H256 | ISubmittableResult'.
            Type 'ISubmittableResult' is not assignable to type 'H256 | ISubmittableResult'.
              Type 'import("/Users/shin.takahashi/develop/substrate/flipper_frontend/fillper_frontend/node_modules/@polkadot/api-contract/node_modules/@polkadot/types/types/extrinsic").ISubmittableResult' is not assignable to type 'import("/Users/shin.takahashi/develop/substrate/flipper_frontend/fillper_frontend/node_modules/@polkadot/rpc-core/node_modules/@polkadot/types/types/extrinsic").ISubmittableResult'.
                Types of property 'dispatchError' are incompatible.
                  Type 'import("/Users/shin.takahashi/develop/substrate/flipper_frontend/fillper_frontend/node_modules/@polkadot/api-contract/node_modules/@polkadot/types/interfaces/system/types").DispatchError | undefined' is not assignable to type 'import("/Users/shin.takahashi/develop/substrate/flipper_frontend/fillper_frontend/node_modules/@polkadot/rpc-core/node_modules/@polkadot/types/interfaces/system/types").DispatchError | undefined'.
                    Property '#private' is missing in type 'import("/Users/shin.takahashi/develop/substrate/flipper_frontend/fillper_frontend/node_modules/@polkadot/api-contract/node_modules/@polkadot/types/interfaces/system/types").DispatchError' but required in type 'import("/Users/shin.takahashi/develop/substrate/flipper_frontend/fillper_frontend/node_modules/@polkadot/rpc-core/node_modules/@polkadot/types/interfaces/system/types").DispatchError'.ts(2322)
Enum.d.ts(27, 5): '#private' is declared here.
submittable.d.ts(17, 5): The expected type comes from property 'signer' which is declared here on type 'Partial<SignerOptions>'

1. 核心原因：Polkadot生态依赖版本不一致，存在多份类型副本
   从报错路径可以看出，项目中@polkadot/rpc-core和@polkadot/api-contract两个包各自在自身的node_modules目录下嵌套依赖了不同版本的@polkadot/types包。TypeScript会将不同文件路径下的同名类型判定为完全独立、不兼容的类型，哪怕两个类型的结构逻辑完全一致；报错中提到的#private私有属性缺失，就是不同版本的DispatchError类定义存在差异导致的典型表现。
2. 代码写法存在逻辑问题
   对接浏览器钱包扩展签名的场景下，签名动作由钱包侧完成，不需要本地通过Keyring构造密钥对实例。通过keyring.addFromAddress生成的密钥对不包含私钥，本身也无法完成本地签名操作。

• 统一所有@polkadot/开头的依赖版本，确保@polkadot/api、@polkadot/api-contract、@polkadot/extension-dapp、@polkadot/keyring等相关包使用完全一致的版本号，禁止出现跨版本混用。
• 删除项目下的node_modules目录和对应包管理器的锁文件（package-lock.json/yarn.lock/pnpm-lock.yaml），重新执行依赖安装命令，让包管理器将公共依赖提升到顶层目录，消除多版本@polkadot/types的重复副本。
• 修正签名逻辑，移除冗余的Keyring构造代码，直接将钱包账户地址作为signAndSend的第一个参数传入即可，修正后的参考代码如下：

const injector = await web3FromSource(performingAccount.meta.source);
const flip = await contract.tx.flip({ value: 0, gasLimit: -1 });
flip.signAndSend(
  performingAccount.address,
  { signer: injector.signer },
  (result) => {
    if (result.status.isInBlock) {
      setResult("in a block");
    } else if (result.status.isFinalized) {
      setResult("finalized");
    }
  }
);

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者s.Takahashi