如何在GitHub Actions测试矩阵中添加Python不稳定版本

你想要更新GitHub Actions工作流以适配Python 3.11的可用版本，已知当前可用的Python 3.11版本为3.11.0-beta.3和3.11.0-beta.2。你的当前测试矩阵配置如下：

name: Python package

on:
  push:
    branches: [ master ]
  pull_request:
    branches: [ master ]

jobs:
  build:

    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        python-version: ["3.8", "3.9", "3.10"]

    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
      uses: actions/setup-python@v2
      with:
        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
    - name: Install dependencies
      run: |
        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
        python -m pip install flake8 pytest
        pip install -r requirements.txt
    - name: Lint with flake8
      run: |
        # stop the build if there are Python syntax errors or undefined names
        flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics
        # exit-zero treats all errors as warnings. The GitHub editor is 127 chars wide
        flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics
    - name: Test with pytest
      run: |
        python -m pytest tests --timesensitive

当你尝试在矩阵中添加"3.11"时，配置无法生效，报错信息如下：

Run actions/setup-python@v2
  with:
    python-version: 3.11
    token: ***
Version 3.11 was not found in the local cache
Error: Version 3.11 with arch x64 not found
The list of all available versions can be found here: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/actions/python-versions/main/versions-manifest.json

解决方法 #

1. 指定具体的beta版本号 #

actions/setup-python@v2版本无法通过简写的3.11匹配到beta版本，必须明确指定完整的beta版本号。修改测试矩阵配置如下：

strategy:
  fail-fast: false
  matrix:
    python-version: ["3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11.0-beta.3"]

如果需要同时测试多个beta版本，可全部加入矩阵：

matrix:
  python-version: ["3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11.0-beta.3", "3.11.0-beta.2"]

2. 升级actions/setup-python到最新版本（推荐） #

actions/setup-python@v4及以上版本支持更灵活的版本匹配规则，你可以直接用3.11-beta自动匹配最新的Python 3.11 beta版本，无需手动指定具体的beta编号。

修改后的工作流示例（同时升级actions/checkout到对应新版本）：

name: Python package

on:
  push:
    branches: [ master ]
  pull_request:
    branches: [ master ]

jobs:
  build:

    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        python-version: ["3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11-beta"]

    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
      uses: actions/setup-python@v4
      with:
        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
    - name: Install dependencies
      run: |
        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
        python -m pip install flake8 pytest
        pip install -r requirements.txt
    - name: Lint with flake8
      run: |
        # stop the build if there are Python syntax errors or undefined names
        flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics
        # exit-zero treats all errors as warnings. The GitHub editor is 127 chars wide
        flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics
    - name: Test with pytest
      run: |
        python -m pytest tests --timesensitive

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者root-11