Mac环境下Java调用IBM CPLEX无法找到本地库求助

在Mac上运行调用IBM CPLEX的Java程序，能识别CPLEX的JAR包，但始终无法加载本地实现库，抛出UnsatisfiedLinkError异常。

测试代码 #

import ilog.cplex.IloCplex;

public class CPLEXTester {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.library.path"));
        try {
            new IloCplex();
        }
        catch(Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

IntelliJ运行输出 #

/Users/bradley/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/openjdk-18.0.1.1/Contents/Home/bin/java -Dvisualvm.id=27090629736541 -javaagent:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/lib/idea_rt.jar=63865:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/bin -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath /Users/bradley/Desktop/code/cplexTester/out/production/cplexTester:/Users/bradley/Desktop/code/adaje/code/lib/java/cplex-12.9.jar CPLEXTester
/Users/bradley/Library/Java/Extensions:/Library/Java/Extensions:/Network/Library/Java/Extensions:/System/Library/Java/Extensions:/usr/lib/java:.
java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: no cplex1290 in java.library.path: /Users/bradley/Library/Java/Extensions:/Library/Java/Extensions:/Network/Library/Java/Extensions:/System/Library/Java/Extensions:/usr/lib/java:.
java.library.path must point to the directory containing the CPLEX shared library
try invoking java with java -Djava.library.path=...
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: 'long ilog.cplex.Cplex.CPXopenCPLEX(int[])'
    at ilog.cplex.Cplex.CPXopenCPLEX(Native Method)
    at ilog.cplex.CplexI.init(CplexI.java:7083)
    at ilog.cplex.CplexI.<init>(CplexI.java:856)
    at ilog.cplex.IloCplex.<init>(IloCplex.java:12042)
    at ilog.cplex.IloCplex.<init>(IloCplex.java:12057)
    at CPLEXTester.main(CPLEXTester.java:7)

已尝试的操作 #

• 将CPLEX本地库文件libcplex1290.jnilib和libcplex1290.dylib放在/Library/Java/Extensions目录，该路径已包含在java.library.path中
• 显式指定java.library.path运行命令：

java -Djava.library.path=/Library/Java/Extensions -cp ~/Desktop/code/lib/java/cplex-12.9.jar CPLEXTester.java

• 尝试直接加载库：

public class CPLEXTester {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.load("/Library/Java/Extensions/libcplex1290.jnilib");
    }
}

运行后依然抛出错误：

/Users/bradley/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/openjdk-18.0.1.1/Contents/Home/bin/java -Dvisualvm.id=27158373972541 -javaagent:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/lib/idea_rt.jar=63876:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/bin -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath /Users/bradley/Desktop/code/cplexTester/out/production/cplexTester:/Users/bradley/Desktop/code/adaje/code/lib/java/cplex-12.9.jar CPLEXTester
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: Can't load library: /Library/Java/Extensions/libcplex1290.jnilib
    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(ClassLoader.java:2398)
    at java.base/java.lang.Runtime.load0(Runtime.java:785)
    at java.base/java.lang.System.load(System.java:1979)
    at CPLEXTester.main(CPLEXTester.java:5)

系统及Java配置 #

java -XshowSettings:properties -version
Property settings:
    file.encoding = UTF-8
    file.separator = /
    ftp.nonProxyHosts = local|*.local|169.254/16|*.169.254/16
    http.nonProxyHosts = local|*.local|169.254/16|*.169.254/16
    java.class.path = 
    java.class.version = 62.0
    java.home = /Users/bradley/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/openjdk-18.0.1.1/Contents/Home
    java.io.tmpdir = /var/folders/6w/qsmx4xpn7vs528v_7qvm_k9m0000gq/T/
    java.library.path = /Users/bradley/Library/Java/Extensions
        /Library/Java/Extensions
        /Network/Library/Java/Extensions
        /System/Library/Java/Extensions
        /usr/lib/java
        .
    java.runtime.name = OpenJDK Runtime Environment
    java.runtime.version = 18.0.1.1+2-6
    java.specification.name = Java Platform API Specification
    java.specification.vendor = Oracle Corporation
    java.specification.version = 18
    java.vendor = Oracle Corporation
    java.vendor.url = https://java.oracle.com/
    java.vendor.url.bug = https://bugreport.java.com/bugreport/
    java.version = 18.0.1.1
    java.version.date = 2022-04-22
    java.vm.compressedOopsMode = Zero based
    java.vm.info = mixed mode, sharing
    java.vm.name = OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM
    java.vm.specification.name = Java Virtual Machine Specification
    java.vm.specification.vendor = Oracle Corporation
    java.vm.specification.version = 18
    java.vm.vendor = Oracle Corporation
    java.vm.version = 18.0.1.1+2-6
    jdk.debug = release
    line.separator = \n 
    native.encoding = UTF-8
    os.arch = aarch64
    os.name = Mac OS X
    os.version = 12.4
    path.separator = :
    socksNonProxyHosts = local|*.local|169.254/16|*.169.254/16
    sun.arch.data.model = 64
    sun.boot.library.path = /Users/bradley/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/openjdk-18.0.1.1/Contents/Home/lib
    sun.cpu.endian = little
    sun.io.unicode.encoding = UnicodeBig
    sun.java.launcher = SUN_STANDARD
    sun.jnu.encoding = UTF-8
    sun.management.compiler = HotSpot 64-Bit Tiered Compilers
    sun.stderr.encoding = UTF-8
    sun.stdout.encoding = UTF-8
    user.country = US
    user.dir = /Users/bradley
    user.home = /Users/bradley
    user.language = en
    user.name = bradley

openjdk version "18.0.1.1" 2022-04-22
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 18.0.1.1+2-6)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 18.0.1.1+2-6, mixed mode, sharing)

解决方案 #

从系统配置可以看到，你的Mac是aarch64架构（Apple Silicon），而CPLEX 12.9仅支持x86_64架构的Mac，没有提供Apple Silicon兼容的本地库，这是问题的核心。

可通过以下方式解决：

1. 升级CPLEX版本：将CPLEX升级到12.10或更高版本，从12.10开始IBM提供了Apple Silicon兼容的本地库。
2. 使用Rosetta 2运行x86架构JDK：
   • 安装x86架构的OpenJDK或Oracle JDK
   • 在IntelliJ中切换项目的JDK为x86版本
   • 终端运行时，强制以x86模式执行：

     arch -x86_64 java -Djava.library.path=/Library/Java/Extensions -cp ~/Desktop/code/lib/java/cplex-12.9.jar CPLEXTester
     

3. 检查文件权限：确保CPLEX本地库文件具备可读权限，可执行命令：

   chmod +r /Library/Java/Extensions/libcplex1290.*
   

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者bturner1273