Ubuntu虚拟环境运行Python脚本遇ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'selenium'

场景与环境 #

尝试运行Python脚本functional_tests.py，代码第一行为：

from selenium import webdriver

使用Ubuntu系统，环境搭建步骤如下：

sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get update --fix-missing
sudo apt-get upgrade -y
sudo apt update
sudo apt install software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
sudo apt install python3.6
mkdir python-tdd-book
cd python-tdd-book/
sudo apt install python3.6-venv
sudo apt install python3.6
python3.6 -m venv virtualenv
source virtualenv/bin/activate
which python
pip install "django<1.12" "selenium<4"
python -m pip install -U selenium

执行pip install "django<1.12" "selenium<4"无报错，仅提示需升级pip；python -m pip install -U selenium为尝试解决问题的操作。

运行脚本报错信息 #

(virtualenv) ubuntu@ubuntu2004:~/Documents/python-tdd-book$ python ./functional_tests.py 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./functional_tests.py", line 1, in <module>
    from selenium import webdriver
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'selenium'

pip已安装Selenium的验证 #

(virtualenv) ubuntu@ubuntu2004:~/Documents/python-tdd-book$ pip list
Package    Version
---------- -------
Django     1.11.29
pip        18.1   
pytz       2022.1 
selenium   3.141.0
setuptools 40.6.2 
urllib3    1.26.10
You are using pip version 18.1, however version 21.3.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

解决思路 #

• 确认Python与pip的路径一致性：运行which python和which pip，检查两者路径是否均指向虚拟环境目录virtualenv/bin/。若python指向系统级解释器，说明虚拟环境未正确激活，或脚本调用了错误的Python版本。
• 明确指定虚拟环境的Python解释器运行脚本：直接使用python3.6 ./functional_tests.py执行，避免系统默认Python干扰。
• 重新激活虚拟环境：先执行deactivate退出当前环境，再运行source virtualenv/bin/activate重新激活，确保命令行前缀显示(virtualenv)。
• 验证Selenium安装路径：运行pip show selenium，查看Location字段是否为virtualenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/，确认包确实安装在虚拟环境中。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者T I M