JSON Schema if-then条件验证失效问题求助

问题根源 #

你的if-then条件逻辑判断路径完全错误：question是包含key和type的对象，但你直接用const: "rating"匹配整个question对象——这永远不会触发条件，因为对象不可能等于字符串"rating"。正确的判断应该是检查question.type字段的值。

修正后的Schema代码 #

{
  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
  "definitions": {
    "identifierKey": {
      "type": "string",
      "pattern": "^[a-z][a-z0-9]*(_[a-z0-9]+)*$",
      "minLength": 2
    },
    "uuid": {
      "type": "string",
      "pattern": "^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}$",
      "minLength": 36,
      "maxLength": 36
    },
    "mail_identifierKey": {
      "pattern": "^(?:(?!.*?[.]{2})[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9.+!%-]{1,64}|)|\"[a-zA-Z0-9.+!% -]{1,64}\")@[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9.-]+(.[a-z]{2,}|.[0-9]{1,})$"
    },
    "question_type": {
      "enum": ["barcode", "name", "nps", "single_choice", "text", "date", "number", "id", "mail_address", "multiple_choice", "phone_number", "zip_code", "rating"]
    },
    "question": {
      "type": "object",
      "additionalProperties": false,
      "properties": {
        "key": {"$ref": "#/definitions/identifierKey"},
        "type": {"$ref": "#/definitions/question_type"}
      },
      "required": ["key", "type"]
    },
    "answers": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "object",
        "properties": {
          "question": {"$ref": "#/definitions/question"},
          "status": {"type": "string"}
        },
        "allOf": [
          {
            "if": {
              "properties": {
                "question": {
                  "properties": {
                    "type": {"const": "rating"}
                  },
                  "required": ["type"]
                }
              }
            },
            "then": {
              "properties": {
                "value": {"type": "number", "minimum": 1, "maximum": 5}
              },
              "required": ["value"]
            }
          },
          {
            "if": {
              "properties": {
                "question": {
                  "properties": {
                    "type": {"const": "zip_code"}
                  },
                  "required": ["type"]
                }
              }
            },
            "then": {
              "properties": {
                "value": {"type": "string", "$ref": "#/definitions/identifierKey", "minLength": 4, "maxLength": 10}
              },
              "required": ["value"]
            }
          },
          {
            "if": {
              "properties": {
                "question": {
                  "properties": {
                    "type": {"const": "phone_number"}
                  },
                  "required": ["type"]
                }
              }
            },
            "then": {
              "properties": {
                "value": {"type": "string", "minLength": 8, "maxLength": 15}
              },
              "required": ["value"]
            }
          },
          {
            "if": {
              "properties": {
                "question": {
                  "properties": {
                    "type": {"const": "multiple_choice"}
                  },
                  "required": ["type"]
                }
              }
            },
            "then": {
              "properties": {
                "value": {"type": "array", "minItems": 1, "uniqueItems": true, "contains": {"type": "string"}}
              },
              "required": ["value"]
            }
          },
          {
            "if": {
              "properties": {
                "question": {
                  "properties": {
                    "type": {"const": "single_choice"}
                  },
                  "required": ["type"]
                }
              }
            },
            "then": {
              "properties": {
                "value": {"type": "string", "$ref": "#/definitions/identifierKey"}
              },
              "required": ["value"]
            }
          },
          {
            "if": {
              "properties": {
                "question": {
                  "properties": {
                    "type": {"const": "mail_address"}
                  },
                  "required": ["type"]
                }
              }
            },
            "then": {
              "properties": {
                "value": {"type": "string", "$ref": "#/definitions/mail_identifierKey"}
              },
              "required": ["value"]
            }
          },
          {
            "if": {
              "properties": {
                "question": {
                  "properties": {
                    "type": {"const": "id"}
                  },
                  "required": ["type"]
                }
              }
            },
            "then": {
              "properties": {
                "value": {"type": "string", "$ref": "#/definitions/uuid"}
              },
              "required": ["value"]
            }
          },
          {
            "if": {
              "properties": {
                "question": {
                  "properties": {
                    "type": {"const": "number"}
                  },
                  "required": ["type"]
                }
              }
            },
            "then": {
              "properties": {
                "value": {"type": "number"}
              },
              "required": ["value"]
            }
          },
          {
            "if": {
              "properties": {
                "question": {
                  "properties": {
                    "type": {"const": "text"}
                  },
                  "required": ["type"]
                }
              }
            },
            "then": {
              "properties": {
                "value": {"type": "string"}
              },
              "required": ["value"]
            }
          },
          {
            "if": {
              "properties": {
                "question": {
                  "properties": {
                    "type": {"const": "date"}
                  },
                  "required": ["type"]
                }
              }
            },
            "then": {
              "properties": {
                "value": {"type": "string", "format": "date"}
              },
              "required": ["value"]
            }
          },
          {
            "if": {
              "properties": {
                "question": {
                  "properties": {
                    "type": {"const": "nps"}
                  },
                  "required": ["type"]
                }
              }
            },
            "then": {
              "properties": {
                "value": {"type": "number", "minimum": 1, "maximum": 10}
              },
              "required": ["value"]
            }
          },
          {
            "if": {
              "properties": {
                "question": {
                  "properties": {
                    "type": {"const": "name"}
                  },
                  "required": ["type"]
                }
              }
            },
            "then": {
              "properties": {
                "value": {"type": "string"}
              },
              "required": ["value"]
            }
          },
          {
            "if": {
              "properties": {
                "question": {
                  "properties": {
                    "type": {"const": "barcode"}
                  },
                  "required": ["type"]
                }
              }
            },
            "then": {
              "properties": {
                "value": {"type": "number"}
              },
              "required": ["value"]
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  },
  "properties": {
    "answers": {"$ref": "#/definitions/answers"}
  }
}

额外优化说明 #

• 每个then块新增required: ["value"]，确保匹配问题类型时必须提供对应值，避免空值漏洞
• 格式化Schema代码为多行结构，大幅提升可读性（原单行压缩格式极难排查问题）

验证测试 #

使用你提供的待验证数据：

{"$schema": "./blank.json", "answers":[{"status": "hello1", "question": {"key": "hello", "type": "rating"}, "value": 1234}]}

现在会触发rating类型的条件验证，因value=1234超出1-5的范围，验证会失败，符合预期。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Vivek Raven