如何通过CMake在同一位置安装多版本库并指定版本调用？

需求说明 #

希望通过CMake在同一位置（如默认系统前缀路径）安装同一库的多个版本，实现find_package(Package 1.0.0 REQUIRED)这样的调用方式。

• 为何不直接设置路径？
  • 因为我不擅长记忆各类路径、编译选项等内容，认为这应该是CMake中find_package命令的职责。

现存问题 #

find_package的版本参数只是一个普通参数，会被传递至包的*VersionConfig.cmake文件进行版本校验，若该文件不存在，CMake会将其视为错误。因此无法在同一位置安装不同版本的库。

最简CMake配置 #

file(WRITE Library.H "void Function();")
file(WRITE Library.C "void Function() {}")

add_library(Library SHARED Library.H Library.C)
target_include_directories(Library 
  PUBLIC 
    $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}>
    $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include/Library>
)
set_target_properties(Library PROPERTIES VERSION 1.0.0)

install(TARGETS Library EXPORT LibraryConfig)
install(FILES Library.H DESTINATION include/Library)
install(EXPORT LibraryConfig DESTINATION lib/cmake/Library)

include(CMakePackageConfigHelpers)
write_basic_package_version_file(
  ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/LibraryConfigVersion.cmake
  VERSION 1.0.0
  COMPATIBILITY SameMajorVersion
)
install(
  FILES ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/LibraryConfigVersion.cmake 
  DESTINATION lib/cmake/Library
)

可行方案尝试 #

我尝试将版本号以${PROJECT_NAME}-${PROJECT_VERSION}的形式附加到目标名称中：

1. 修改导出名称：

install(TARGETS Library EXPORT Library-1.0.0Config)
install(
  EXPORT Library-1.0.0Config
  DESTINATION lib/cmake/Library-1.0.0Config
)

2. 修改包含目录的INSTALL_INTERFACE：

target_include_directories(Library
  PUBLIC
    $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include/Library-1.0.0>
)

3. 修改目标的OUTPUT_NAME属性：

set_target_properties(Library
  PROPERTIES
    OUTPUT_NAME Library-1.0.0
)

最终配置如下：

file(WRITE Library.H "void Function();")
file(WRITE Library.C "void Function() {}")

add_library(Library SHARED Library.H Library.C)
target_include_directories(Library 
  PUBLIC 
    $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}>
    $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include/Library-1.0.0>
)
set_target_properties(Library PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME Library-1.0.0)

install(TARGETS Library EXPORT Library-1.0.0Config)
install(FILES Library.H DESTINATION include/Library-1.0.0)
install(EXPORT Library-1.0.0Config DESTINATION lib/cmake/Library-1.0.0)

但该方案存在局限：调用时必须指定带版本号的目标名，即find_package(Target-1.0.0 REQUIRED)，无法实现最初期望的调用方式。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Ghasem Ramezani