Chromebook Linux环境下PyQt6安装失败求助

问题背景 #

在Chromebook自带的Linux桌面环境中尝试安装PyQt6，已将Python更新至3.9.2、pip更新至22.1.2，执行多种pip安装命令均失败，报错核心为sipbuild.pyproject.PyProjectOptionException及sipbuild.api属性缺失错误。

已尝试的安装命令 #

pip install pyqt6
pip3 install pyqt6
python -m pip install pyqt6
python3 -m pip install pyqt6

完整错误日志 #

Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Collecting pyqt6
Using cached PyQt6-6.3.1.tar.gz (1.0 MB)
Installing build dependencies ... done
Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... error
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [29 lines of output]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/user1/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py", line 156, in prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
hook = backend.prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
AttributeError: module 'sipbuild.api' has no attribute 'prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/user1/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py", line 363, in <module>
    main()
  File "/home/user1/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py", line 345, in main
    json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
  File "/home/user1/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py", line 160, in prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
    whl_basename = backend.build_wheel(metadata_directory, config_settings)
  File "/tmp/pip-build-env-lb2ttoa7/overlay/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sipbuild/api.py", line 46, in build_wheel
    project = AbstractProject.bootstrap('wheel',
  File "/tmp/pip-build-env-lb2ttoa7/overlay/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sipbuild/abstract_project.py", line 87, in bootstrap
    project.setup(pyproject, tool, tool_description)
  File "/tmp/pip-build-env-lb2ttoa7/overlay/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sipbuild/project.py", line 584, in setup
    self.apply_user_defaults(tool)
  File "project.py", line 67, in apply_user_defaults
    super().apply_user_defaults(tool)
  File "/tmp/pip-build-env-lb2ttoa7/overlay/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pyqtbuild/project.py", line 70, in apply_user_defaults
    super().apply_user_defaults(tool)
  File "/tmp/pip-build-env-lb2ttoa7/overlay/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sipbuild/project.py", line 236, in apply_user_defaults
    self.builder.apply_user_defaults(tool)
  File "/tmp/pip-build-env-lb2ttoa7/overlay/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pyqtbuild/builder.py", line 67, in apply_user_defaults
    raise PyProjectOptionException('qmake',
sipbuild.pyproject.PyProjectOptionException
[end of output]

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: metadata-generation-failed

× Encountered error while generating package metadata.
╰─> See above for output.

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for details.

解决方法 #

1. 安装系统级Qt依赖 #

Chromebook的Linux环境基于Debian/Ubuntu，先安装Qt6的系统开发包：

sudo apt update
sudo apt install qt6-base-dev qt6-tools-dev-tools

2. 适配sip版本 #

错误与sip版本不兼容有关，先卸载现有sip，再安装适配PyQt6的指定版本：

pip3 uninstall -y sip
pip3 install sip==6.7.7

3. 重新安装PyQt6 #

完成上述步骤后执行：

pip3 install pyqt6

备选方案：使用系统包管理器安装 #

如果上述方法仍失败，直接通过apt安装稳定版PyQt6：

sudo apt install python3-pyqt6

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Harrison O'Donnell