执行ionic cordova build android遇Unsupported class file major version 61错误求助

错误信息 #

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 10s
1 actionable task: 1 executed
<-------------> 0% WAITING

> IDLE

Subproject Path: CordovaLib
Subproject Path: app
Starting a Gradle Daemon, 1 incompatible and 3 stopped Daemons could not be reused, use --status for details

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* Where:
Build file 'C:\Users\krishna kale\OneDrive\Desktop\Quickensol\demo\sunrise\platforms\android\app\build.gradle'

* What went wrong:
Could not compile build file 'C:\Users\krishna kale\OneDrive\Desktop\Quickensol\demo\sunrise\platforms\android\app\build.gradle'.
> startup failed:
  General error during conversion: Unsupported class file major version 61

  java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Unsupported class file major version 61
        at groovyjarjarasm.asm.ClassReader.<init>(ClassReader.java:189)
        [以下堆栈跟踪内容保持原样]

* Try:
Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output. Run with
 --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 8.0.

You can use '--warning-mode all' to show the individual deprecation warnings and determine if they come from your own scripts or plugins.

See https://docs.gradle.org/7.1.1/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_warnings

BUILD FAILED in 9s
<-------------> 0% WAITING
> IDLE
Command failed with exit code 1: C:\Users\krishna kale\OneDrive\Desktop\Quickensol\demo\sunrise\platforms\android\gradlew cdvBuildDebug -b C:\Users\krishna kale\OneDrive\Desktop\Quickensol\demo\sunrise\platforms\android\build.gradle      
[ERROR] An error occurred while running subprocess cordova.

        cordova.cmd build android exited with exit code 1.

        Re-running this command with the --verbose flag may provide more information.

错误原因 #

Unsupported class file major version 61 本质是Java版本与Gradle版本不兼容：class文件版本61对应Java 17，而当前项目使用的Gradle 7.1.1最高仅支持Java 16，无法识别Java 17生成的字节码文件。

解决方法 #

方法一：降低Java版本至Gradle兼容版本 #

• 卸载当前的Java 17，安装Java 11或Java 16（这两个版本与Gradle 7.1.1完全兼容）
• 配置系统环境变量：将JAVA_HOME指向新安装的Java目录，并把该Java的bin目录移到PATH环境变量最前端
• 验证配置：打开命令行执行 java -version 和 javac -version，确认输出为目标Java版本
• 重新执行构建命令：ionic cordova build android

方法二：升级Gradle版本以支持Java 17 #

• 打开项目路径下的 platforms/android/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties 文件
• 修改distributionUrl为支持Java 17的Gradle版本（如7.4及以上）：

  distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-7.4-all.zip
  

• 同步更新Android Gradle插件版本：打开platforms/android/build.gradle，将com.android.tools.build:gradle版本调整为与Gradle匹配的版本（如Gradle 7.4对应AGP 7.0+）：

  dependencies {
      classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.0.4'
  }
  

• 清理构建缓存：执行 ionic cordova clean android
• 重新执行构建命令：ionic cordova build android

额外建议 #

• 若使用的Cordova Android平台版本较低，可升级至最新稳定版，它会自动适配更合理的Gradle与Java版本组合
• 多Java版本环境下，可借助版本管理工具（如jEnv）快速切换Java版本，避免环境变量配置混乱

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者KRISHNA KALE