如何在Node.js中使用EWS/MAPI获取邮件内容

以下是基于node-ews实现读取收件箱邮件、提取正文及下载附件的完整示例：

1. 安装依赖 #

npm install node-ews

2. 配置EWS连接 #

首先初始化EWS客户端，填入你的Exchange账号信息：

const EWS = require('node-ews');
const fs = require('fs');

// EWS配置
const ewsConfig = {
  username: '你的Exchange邮箱账号',
  password: '你的邮箱密码',
  host: 'outlook.office365.com' // 替换为你的Exchange服务器地址，比如内部Exchange服务器域名
};

const ews = new EWS(ewsConfig);

3. 获取收件箱邮件列表 #

通过FindItem请求获取收件箱的邮件基本信息（主题、接收时间、邮件ID等），示例中获取最新10封邮件：

// 构造获取收件箱邮件的SOAP请求
const getInboxEmailsRequest = `
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
               xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/services/2006/messages"
               xmlns:t="http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/services/2006/types"
               xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
  <soap:Header>
    <t:RequestServerVersion Version="Exchange2016" />
  </soap:Header>
  <soap:Body>
    <m:FindItem Traversal="Shallow">
      <m:ItemShape>
        <t:BaseShape>IdOnly</t:BaseShape>
        <t:AdditionalProperties>
          <t:FieldURI FieldURI="item:Subject" />
          <t:FieldURI FieldURI="item:DateTimeReceived" />
          <t:FieldURI FieldURI="message:From" />
        </t:AdditionalProperties>
      </m:ItemShape>
      <m:IndexedPageItemView MaxEntriesReturned="10" Offset="0" BasePoint="Beginning" />
      <m:ParentFolderIds>
        <t:DistinguishedFolderId Id="inbox" />
      </m:ParentFolderIds>
    </m:FindItem>
  </soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>
`;

// 发送请求获取邮件列表
ews.run(getInboxEmailsRequest, function(err, result) {
  if (err) {
    console.error('获取邮件列表失败:', err);
    return;
  }
  // 处理返回结果，兼容单封/多封邮件的情况
  const emails = Array.isArray(result.ResponseMessages.FindItemResponseMessage.RootFolder.Items.Message)
    ? result.ResponseMessages.FindItemResponseMessage.RootFolder.Items.Message
    : [result.ResponseMessages.FindItemResponseMessage.RootFolder.Items.Message];
  
  emails.forEach(email => {
    console.log('\n邮件主题:', email.Subject);
    console.log('接收时间:', email.DateTimeReceived);
    console.log('发件人:', email.From.Mailbox.Name, `<${email.From.Mailbox.EmailAddress}>`);
    console.log('邮件ID:', email.ItemId.Id);
    // 调用方法获取单封邮件的详细内容
    getEmailDetails(email.ItemId.Id, email.ItemId.ChangeKey);
  });
});

4. 获取单封邮件详情（正文+附件信息） #

通过GetItem请求获取邮件的完整内容，包括正文和附件列表：

function getEmailDetails(itemId, changeKey) {
  // 构造获取邮件详情的SOAP请求，BodyType可选HTML/Text
  const getEmailRequest = `
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
               xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/services/2006/messages"
               xmlns:t="http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/services/2006/types"
               xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
  <soap:Header>
    <t:RequestServerVersion Version="Exchange2016" />
  </soap:Header>
  <soap:Body>
    <m:GetItem>
      <m:ItemShape>
        <t:BaseShape>Default</t:BaseShape>
        <t:BodyType>Text</t:BodyType>
        <t:AdditionalProperties>
          <t:FieldURI FieldURI="item:Attachments" />
        </t:AdditionalProperties>
      </m:ItemShape>
      <m:ItemIds>
        <t:ItemId Id="${itemId}" ChangeKey="${changeKey}" />
      </m:ItemIds>
    </m:GetItem>
  </soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>
`;

  ews.run(getEmailRequest, function(err, result) {
    if (err) {
      console.error('获取邮件详情失败:', err);
      return;
    }
    const email = result.ResponseMessages.GetItemResponseMessage.Items.Message;
    console.log('\n邮件正文:', email.Body._);

    // 处理附件，兼容单个/多个附件的情况
    if (email.Attachments?.FileAttachment) {
      const attachments = Array.isArray(email.Attachments.FileAttachment)
        ? email.Attachments.FileAttachment
        : [email.Attachments.FileAttachment];
      
      attachments.forEach(attachment => {
        console.log('\n附件名称:', attachment.Name);
        console.log('附件大小:', attachment.Size, '字节');
        // 调用方法下载附件
        downloadAttachment(attachment.AttachmentId.Id, attachment.Name);
      });
    }
  });
}

5. 下载附件 #

通过GetAttachment请求获取附件的base64编码内容，解码后保存到本地：

function downloadAttachment(attachmentId, fileName) {
  const getAttachmentRequest = `
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
               xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/services/2006/messages"
               xmlns:t="http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/services/2006/types"
               xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
  <soap:Header>
    <t:RequestServerVersion Version="Exchange2016" />
  </soap:Header>
  <soap:Body>
    <m:GetAttachment>
      <m:AttachmentIds>
        <t:AttachmentId Id="${attachmentId}" />
      </m:AttachmentIds>
    </m:GetAttachment>
  </soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>
`;

  ews.run(getAttachmentRequest, function(err, result) {
    if (err) {
      console.error('下载附件失败:', err);
      return;
    }
    const attachment = result.ResponseMessages.GetAttachmentResponseMessage.Attachments.FileAttachment;
    // 解码base64内容并保存文件
    const buffer = Buffer.from(attachment.Content, 'base64');
    fs.writeFileSync(`./${fileName}`, buffer);
    console.log(`附件 ${fileName} 已成功保存到本地`);
  });
}

注意事项 #

• 服务器版本适配：RequestServerVersion中的Version需要和你的Exchange服务器版本匹配，比如Exchange2013、Exchange2016或ExchangeOnline（针对Office365）。
• 认证方式：如果你的Office365租户禁用了基本认证，需要改用OAuth2认证，此时需要扩展node-ews的请求头，添加OAuth令牌。
• 结果兼容性：EWS返回的结果在单条数据时是对象，多条时是数组，所以需要用Array.isArray做兼容处理。
• 正文格式：BodyType可选HTML获取富文本正文，或者Text获取纯文本，根据需求调整。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Talha Noyon