AppCenter中Android Java项目CI/CD构建失败（错误码1）

问题描述 #

我在AppCenter为Android Java项目执行CI/CD流程时构建失败，错误码为1，堆栈跟踪如下：

Build-tool 31.0.0 is missing DX at /Users/runner/Library/Android/sdk/build-tools/31.0.0/dx

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Could not determine the dependencies of task ':app:mergeStagingAssets'.
Could not resolve all dependencies for configuration ':app:stagingRuntimeClasspath'.
   > Could not create task ':app:minifyReleaseWithR8'.
      > Installed Build Tools revision 31.0.0 is corrupted. Remove and install again using the SDK Manager.

* Try:
Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output. Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 32s
Error: /Users/runner/work/1/s/gradlew failed with return code: 1
    at ChildProcess.<anonymous> (/Users/runner/work/_tasks/Gradle_8d8eebd8-2b94-4c97-85af-839254cc6da4/1.128.0/node_modules/vsts-task-lib/toolrunner.js:569:30)
    at emitTwo (events.js:106:13)
    at ChildProcess.emit (events.js:191:7)
    at maybeClose (internal/child_process.js:920:16)
    at Socket.<anonymous> (internal/child_process.js:351:11)
    at emitOne (events.js:96:13)
    at Socket.emit (events.js:188:7)
    at Pipe._handle.close [as _onclose] (net.js:509:12)
##[error]Error: /Users/runner/work/1/s/gradlew failed with return code: 1
...

解决方案 #

方法1：手动创建DX软链接 #

Build-tools 31.0.0中官方用d8替代了dx，但旧版Gradle仍会查找dx文件。在AppCenter的构建前置脚本中添加以下命令：

ln -s $ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/build-tools/31.0.0/d8 $ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/build-tools/31.0.0/dx
ln -s $ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/build-tools/31.0.0/lib/d8.jar $ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/build-tools/31.0.0/lib/dx.jar

方法2：降级Build-tools版本 #

修改项目根目录的build.gradle文件，将Build-tools切换到30.0.3等稳定旧版本：

android {
    buildToolsVersion "30.0.3"
}

buildscript {
    dependencies {
        // 适配Build-tools 30.0.3的AGP版本
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.0.4'
    }
}

方法3：升级Gradle与AGP版本 #

若要保留Build-tools 31.0.0，需升级Gradle到7.0+、AGP到7.0+以适配d8工具：

1. 修改gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties：

   distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-7.0.2-all.zip
   

2. 修改项目根目录build.gradle：

   buildscript {
       dependencies {
           classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.0.2'
       }
   }
   

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Ali Kashan