使用Selenium开发LinkedIn自动投递机器人时元素定位失败

我正在使用Python的Selenium库开发LinkedIn自动投递机器人，登录后无法定位页面上的「Jobs」元素，已尝试增加等待时长但问题仍未解决。

相关代码 #

类初始化与登录代码 #

from unicodedata import name
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import json
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from time import sleep
from sympy import Id           

class EasyApplyLinkedIn ():
    def __init__(self,data):            
        """param initialization"""
        self.email =data ["email"]
        self.password = data["password"]
        self.keywords = data["keywords"]
        self.location = data["location"] 
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(r'ApplicationBot\\driver_path\\chromedriver.exe')
        
    def loginLinkedIn (self):
        self.driver.get("""https://www.linkedin.com/loginsession_redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Elinkedin%2Ecom%2Fcompany%2Flogin&fromSignIn=true&trk=organization_guest_nav-header-signin""")

        ## Introduce email and password and hit enter 
        login_email =self.driver.find_element(By.NAME,'session_key')
        login_email.clear ()
        # basically use the sendkeys fxn to send our info to the page
        login_email.send_keys(self.email)   

        login_password =self.driver.find_element(By.NAME,'session_password')
        login_password.clear ()
        # basically use the sendkeys fxn to send our info to the page
        login_password.send_keys(self.password)
        login_password.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)

出现问题的job_search方法代码段 #

def job_search (self):
        ## clicking on the job button 
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(5)
        searchDriver = self.driver.find_element() 

        jobs_link  =searchDriver(By.LINK_TEXT,'Jobs')
        clicl_jobs_link= searchDriver.click
        sleep (1)
        
        job_box = searchDriver(By.XPATH,"//*[@id='global-nav']/div/nav/ul/li[7]/button/div/div/li-icon/svg/path")              
        searchDriver.clear()
        send_keyword = searchDriver.send_keys(self.keywords)
        sleep (1)

        ## specify location
        location_box = searchDriver(By.XPATH,"//input[starts-with(@id,'jobs-search-box-location']")                #find via xml path expression
        searchDriver.clear()
        send_location = searchDriver.send_keys(self.location)
        sleep (1)
        ## hitting enter
        searchDriver.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)

报错信息 #

[9080:29296:0720/161241.697:ERROR:device_event_log_impl.cc(214)]
[16:12:41.697] USB: usb_device_handle_win.cc:1048 Failed to read
descriptor from node connection: A device attached to the system
is not functioning. (0x1F)
[9080:29296:0720/161241.716:ERROR:device_event_log_impl.cc(214)]
[16:12:41.716] USB: usb_device_handle_win.cc:1048 Failed to read
descriptor from node connection: A device attached to the system
is not functioning. (0x1F)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "e:\Job\ApplicationBot\main.py", line 79, in 
bot.job_search()
File "e:\Job\ApplicationBot\main.py", line 44, in job_search
searchDriver = self.driver.find_element()
File "C:\Users\lihua\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python39\site-
packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 857, in
find_element
return self.execute(Command.FIND_ELEMENT, {
File "C:\Users\lihua\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python39\site-
packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 435, in
execute
self.error_handler.check_response(response)
File "C:\Users\lihua\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python39\site-
packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 247, in
check_response
raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.NoSuchElementException: Message: no
such element: Unable to locate element: {"method":"css
selector","selector":"[id="None"]"}
(Session info: chrome=103.0.5060.114)
Stacktrace:
Backtrace:
Ordinal0 [0x005756B3+2184883]
Ordinal0 [0x0050E5F1+1762801]
Ordinal0 [0x00423DA8+802216]
Ordinal0 [0x00451B40+990016]
Ordinal0 [0x00451DDB+990683]
Ordinal0 [0x0047EC32+1174578]
Ordinal0 [0x0046CB54+1100628]
Ordinal0 [0x0047CF52+1167186]
Ordinal0 [0x0046C926+1100070]
Ordinal0 [0x00446EA0+945824]
Ordinal0 [0x00447D96+949654]
GetHandleVerifier [0x00814192+2704034]
GetHandleVerifier [0x0080687D+2648461]
GetHandleVerifier [0x0060119A+529066]
GetHandleVerifier [0x00600006+524566]
Ordinal0 [0x00514F2B+1789739]
Ordinal0 [0x00519978+1808760]
Ordinal0 [0x00519A65+1808997]
Ordinal0 [0x00522A01+1845761]
BaseThreadInitThunk [0x76CAFA29+25]
RtlGetAppContainerNamedObjectPath [0x77A87A9E+286]
RtlGetAppContainerNamedObjectPath [0x77A87A6E+238]

问题排查与修复方案 #

核心错误分析 #

1. 无效的元素定位调用：searchDriver = self.driver.find_element() 这行代码未传入任何定位参数，Selenium默认使用CSS selector查找id="None"的元素，直接触发NoSuchElementException，这是报错的直接原因。
2. 错误的API使用方式：后续代码将searchDriver（本应是WebElement对象）当成定位方法调用（如searchDriver(By.LINK_TEXT,'Jobs')），完全不符合Selenium调用规范。
3. 定位器语法错误：
   • 位置搜索框的XPATH缺少闭合括号：//input[starts-with(@id,'jobs-search-box-location'] 应改为 //input[starts-with(@id,'jobs-search-box-location')]
   • 使用固定索引li[7]定位Jobs元素不可靠，页面布局变化会导致定位失效。
4. 等待策略不够可靠：仅用隐式等待和sleep，无法确保元素完全加载并可交互。

修复后的job_search方法 #

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

def job_search(self):
    # 使用显式等待替代隐式等待，更可靠
    wait = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10)

    # 等待并定位Jobs导航链接
    jobs_link = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.LINK_TEXT, 'Jobs')))
    jobs_link.click()
    sleep(1)

    # 等待并定位职位关键词搜索框
    job_box = wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "//input[@id='jobs-search-box-keyword-id']")))
    job_box.clear()
    job_box.send_keys(self.keywords)
    sleep(1)

    # 等待并定位位置搜索框，修复XPATH语法错误
    location_box = wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "//input[starts-with(@id,'jobs-search-box-location')]")))
    location_box.clear()
    location_box.send_keys(self.location)
    sleep(1)

    # 提交搜索
    location_box.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)

额外优化建议 #

• 替换By.LINK_TEXT为更稳定的定位器，比如By.XPATH, "//a[@data-link-to='jobs']"，避免因语言/页面文本变化导致定位失败。
• 减少sleep的使用，尽量用显式等待覆盖所有元素交互场景，提升代码稳定性。
• 注意LinkedIn的反爬机制，避免操作过于频繁，可适当增加随机等待时长。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者lliu56