CMake设置导入共享库的安装相对路径问题排查

我需要链接一个导入的共享库，相关CMake配置如下：

add_library(drivers SHARED IMPORTED)
set_target_properties(
  drivers
  PROPERTIES IMPORTED_LOCATION
  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/lib/libdrivers.so
  )

该库用于pybind11绑定，我尝试设置RPATH，让libdrivers.so能在绑定库的同目录被找到，相关配置：

pybind11_add_module(pybind11_bindings MODULE srcpy/bindings.cpp)
set_target_properties(pybind11_bindings PROPERTIES
    LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/myproject
    OUTPUT_NAME "bindings"
    SKIP_BUILD_RPATH FALSE
     BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH TRUE
  )
target_link_libraries(pybind11_bindings
  PRIVATE drivers
  )
set_target_properties(pybind11_bindings PROPERTIES 
INSTALL_RPATH "\$ORIGIN")
set_target_properties(pybind11_bindings PROPERTIES INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH TRUE)

安装配置为：

install(IMPORTED_RUNTIME_ARTIFACTS drivers
  LIBRARY DESTINATION ${PMYROJECT_INSTALL_PREFIX}
  COMPONENT bindings
  )

install(
    TARGETS pybind11_bindings
    COMPONENT bindings
    LIBRARY DESTINATION ${MYPROJECT_INSTALL_PREFIX}
    ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${MYPROJECT_INSTALL_PREFIX}
    RUNTIME DESTINATION ${MYPROJECT_INSTALL_PREFIX}
    )

项目基于setuptools，使用cmake-build-extension通过pip安装。执行pip install .后，site-packages/myproject目录下存在bindings.cpython-38-x86_64-linux-gnu.so和libdrivers.so，但执行ldd bindings.cpython-38-x86_64-linux-gnu.so显示../../lib/libdrivers.so => not found，且objdump -x bindings.cpython-310-x86_64-linux-gnu.so | grep RPATH无输出，动态段仅显示NEEDED ../../lib/libdrivers.so，RPATH未按预期设置，请问哪里配置出错了？

1. 导入库的路径继承问题 #

当前导入的libdrivers.so被链接时，绑定库直接继承了它的相对路径../../lib/libdrivers.so，这是因为CMake默认会使用导入库的完整路径（或其SONAME中的路径）。要让绑定库仅查找库文件名而非带路径的名称，需给导入库添加IMPORTED_NO_SONAME属性，强制忽略原库的SONAME信息：

add_library(drivers SHARED IMPORTED)
set_target_properties(
  drivers
  PROPERTIES
    IMPORTED_LOCATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/lib/libdrivers.so
    IMPORTED_NO_SONAME TRUE  # 新增该属性
  )

2. RPATH配置冲突 #

你同时启用了BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH TRUE和INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH TRUE，这两个属性可能相互干扰：

• BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH会让构建阶段直接使用安装时的RPATH设置
• INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH会把链接时的系统路径追加到RPATH中，可能覆盖你设置的$ORIGIN

建议简化RPATH配置，分开构建和安装阶段的RPATH设置：

set_target_properties(pybind11_bindings PROPERTIES
    LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/myproject
    OUTPUT_NAME "bindings"
    SKIP_BUILD_RPATH FALSE
    BUILD_RPATH "\$ORIGIN"  # 构建阶段使用同目录查找
    INSTALL_RPATH "\$ORIGIN" # 安装阶段保持同目录查找
    INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH FALSE  # 禁用自动追加链接路径
  )

3. 变量拼写错误 #

安装配置中的${PMYROJECT_INSTALL_PREFIX}存在拼写错误（多了一个P），应修正为${MYPROJECT_INSTALL_PREFIX}，否则会导致libdrivers.so安装路径错误：

install(IMPORTED_RUNTIME_ARTIFACTS drivers
  LIBRARY DESTINATION ${MYPROJECT_INSTALL_PREFIX}
  COMPONENT bindings
  )

4. cmake-build-extension的额外处理 #

由于使用cmake-build-extension通过pip安装，需确保setup.py中正确配置了cmake_install选项，且没有额外修改RPATH的逻辑。同时，CMake的CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX会被pip自动设置为site-packages下的目标目录，无需手动指定（如果已指定需确保路径正确）。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Vince