Python Turtle迷宫开发报错：AttributeError: 'int'对象无'_goto'属性

Hey there! Let's break down what's causing that error and fix it step by step.

The Root Cause #

The error pops up because you're trying to call the goto() method directly on the End class instead of an instance of that class. Methods like goto() are instance methods—they need to be called on an object created from the class, not the class itself. When you use End.goto(), Python can't identify which turtle object you're targeting, leading to that confusing AttributeError.

How to Fix It #

Follow these simple changes to get your maze working:

1. Create an instance of the End class
   Just like you did with the Pen class, make an object of End before using it in your maze setup:

   end = End()
   

2. Update the setup_maze function
   Replace End.goto() and End.stamp() with your new end instance—this tells Python exactly which turtle to move:

   if character == "s":
       end.goto(screen_x, screen_y)
       end.stamp()
   

3. Fix your level layout
   Your level_1 strings had inconsistent lengths, which would mess up the maze's alignment. Let's make them all 12 characters long to match the first line:

   level_1 = [
       "XXXXXXXXXXXX",
       "X...X..X..eX",
       "X.X....X.XXX",
       "X..X.X.X.X.X",
       "XX.XXX.X...X",
       "X........X.X",
       "XsXX...X...X",
       "XXXXXXXXXXXX"
   ]
   

4. Replace the infinite while loop
   A bare while True: pass will freeze your program. Use Turtle's built-in main loop instead to keep the window responsive:

   wn.mainloop()
   

Full Corrected Code #

Here's the updated code with all fixes applied:

import turtle
wn = turtle.Screen()
wn.bgcolor("black")
wn.title("A Maze Game")
wn.setup(700,700)

class Pen(turtle.Turtle):
    def __init__(self):
        turtle.Turtle.__init__(self)
        self.shape("square")
        self.color("white")
        self.penup()
        self.speed(0)

class End(turtle.Turtle):
    def __init__(self):
        turtle.Turtle.__init__(self)
        self.shape("square")
        self.color("green")
        self.penup()
        self.speed(0)

levels = [""]
level_1 = [
    "XXXXXXXXXXXX",
    "X...X..X..eX",
    "X.X....X.XXX",
    "X..X.X.X.X.X",
    "XX.XXX.X...X",
    "X........X.X",
    "XsXX...X...X",
    "XXXXXXXXXXXX"
]
levels.append(level_1)

def setup_maze(level):
    for y in range(len(level)):
        for x in range(len(level[y])):
            character = level[y][x]
            screen_x = -288 + (x * 24)
            screen_y = 288 - (y * 24)
            if character == "X":
                pen.goto(screen_x, screen_y)
                pen.stamp()
            if character == "s":
                end.goto(screen_x, screen_y)
                end.stamp()

pen = Pen()
end = End()  # Create instance of End class
setup_maze(levels[1])

wn.mainloop()  # Use Turtle's main loop instead of infinite while

Bonus Tip #

If you want to add the "e" endpoint later, you can reuse the end instance or create a separate one—just remember: always call turtle methods on an instance of the class, not the class itself!

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者stackex123