GitHub Workflow中chown报错：路径正确却提示不存在的原因

尝试通过GitHub Workflow用Capistrano部署Rails应用，Workflow能正常运行bash脚本，但执行chown命令时抛出错误：

chown: cannot access /var/www/html/xxxx/xxxx/: No such file or directory

已确认路径是正确的，想了解错误原因。对应的Workflow文件内容如下：

# This is a basic workflow to help you get started with Actions
name: Deploy with Capistrano

# Controls when the action will run. 
on:
  # Triggers the workflow on push or pull request events but only for the main branch
  push:
    branches: [main]

  # Allows you to run this workflow manually from the Actions tab
  workflow_dispatch:

# A workflow run is made up of one or more jobs that can run sequentially or in parallel
jobs:
  # This workflow contains a single job called "build"
  deploy:
    # The type of runner that the job will run on
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    # Steps represent a sequence of tasks that will be executed as part of the job
    steps:
    # Checks-out your repository under $GITHUB_WORKSPACE, so your job can access it
    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
    - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
      with:
        # ruby-version: 3.0.1 # Not needed with a .ruby-version file
        bundler-cache: true # runs 'bundle install' and caches installed gems automatically
    - uses: miloserdow/capistrano-deploy@master
      with:
        target: production # Defines the environment that will be used for the deployment
        deploy_key: ${{ secrets.MONITOR }} # Name of the variable configured in Settings/Secrets of your github project
    - run: sudo chown -R $(user -u):$(group -g) "/var/www/html/xxxx/xxxx/"

核心问题是chown命令的执行位置完全错误：

• Capistrano的作用是把代码部署到你的远程生产服务器，miloserdow/capistrano-deploy这个Action是在GitHub提供的ubuntu-latest临时虚拟机（runner）上运行Capistrano命令，再通过SSH连接到你的远程服务器完成部署。
• 你最后一步的run: sudo chown...是直接在GitHub的临时虚拟机上执行的，这台机器和你的远程生产服务器完全是两个独立的环境，根本不存在你远程服务器上的/var/www/html/xxxx/xxxx/路径，自然会提示找不到文件或目录。
• 另外你的chown命令还有语法错误：user -u和group -g是错误写法，正确的应该是id -u和id -g，不过这不是当前报错的主要原因。

如果需要修改远程服务器上部署目录的权限，有两种可行方式：

• 通过Capistrano配置自动执行：在Capistrano的部署配置文件（比如deploy.rb或对应环境的配置文件）中添加权限设置任务，让Capistrano在部署过程中自动在远程服务器执行chown命令。示例配置：

  after :deploy, :set_permissions do
    on roles(:web) do
      execute :sudo, :chown, '-R', "#{fetch(:user)}:#{fetch(:group)}", release_path
    end
  end
  

• 通过SSH远程执行命令：在miloserdow/capistrano-deploy步骤之后，使用SSH类的GitHub Action连接到你的远程服务器，再执行chown命令，而不是在GitHub的runner上直接运行。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者seifou_eddine