Windows10下Anaconda与Jupyter Notebook的SSL模块加载故障求助

问题背景 #

在Windows10系统使用64位最新版Anaconda3（Python3.9）时，程序无法正常运行，核心为ssl模块无法加载。已尝试以下方案但无效：

• 将Anaconda3、Anaconda3\bin、Anaconda3\Lib、Anaconda3\pkgs\openssl-1.1.1n-h2bbff1b_0\Library\bin添加至PATH环境变量
• 确认系统中存在libssl-1_1-x64.dll文件

错误现象 #

1. Anaconda Navigator与Jupyter Notebook启动失败：启动脚本无任何反应，直接退出，无报错信息
2. import ssl报错：
   在Python命令提示符执行import ssl时，先弹出以下提示：

   'MySQL' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
   operable program or batch file.
   'MySQL' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
   operable program or batch file.
   

   随后抛出ImportError：

   (base) C:\Users\kadambi>python
   Python 3.9.12 (main, Apr  4 2022, 05:22:27) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] :: Anaconda, Inc. on win32
   Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
   
   >>> import ssl
   Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "", line 1, in 
   File "C:\Software\Anaconda3\lib\ssl.py", line 98, in 
   import _ssl             # if we can't import it, let the error propagate
   ImportError: DLL load failed while importing _ssl: The specified procedure could not be found.
   

3. pip install pyopenssl报错：

   (base) C:\Users\kadambi>pip install pyopenssl
   Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
   WARNING: pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
   Requirement already satisfied: pyopenssl in c:\software\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (21.0.0)
   Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.5.2 in c:\software\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from pyopenssl) (1.16.0)
   Requirement already satisfied: cryptography>=3.3 in c:\software\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from pyopenssl) (3.4.8)
   Requirement already satisfied: cffi>=1.12 in c:\software\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from cryptography>=3.3->pyopenssl) (1.15.0)
   Requirement already satisfied: pycparser in c:\software\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from cffi>=1.12->cryptography>=3.3->pyopenssl) (2.21)
   WARNING: pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
   Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/pip/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping
   
   (base) C:\Users\kadambi>
   

解决方案 #

• 排查OpenSSL版本冲突
  1. 打开命令提示符，执行where libssl-1_1-x64.dll，查看返回的所有路径
  2. 如果存在非Anaconda路径的同名文件，将Anaconda3\pkgs\openssl-1.1.1n-h2bbff1b_0\Library\bin移至PATH环境变量的最顶端，确保优先加载Anaconda自带的DLL
• 强制修复Anaconda的OpenSSL依赖
  1. 以管理员身份启动Anaconda Prompt
  2. 执行conda install -c anaconda openssl --force-reinstall，重新安装对应版本的OpenSSL
• 检查并修复_ssl.pyd文件
  1. 前往C:\Software\Anaconda3\DLLs目录，确认_ssl.pyd文件存在且未损坏
  2. 若文件缺失或损坏，重新运行Anaconda安装程序，选择「修复」选项
• 调整PATH环境变量优先级
  将所有Anaconda相关路径（Anaconda3、Anaconda3\bin、Anaconda3\pkgs\openssl-xxx\Library\bin）移至PATH环境变量的最前面，避免系统加载其他软件的同名DLL

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Ramesh Kadambi