Flutter项目编译报错：Unknown constant tag 41 in javax/management/MBeanServer

原本运行正常的Flutter表单验证应用（包含邮箱、密码、姓名验证功能），未修改任何代码的情况下突然出现编译错误，且所有Flutter项目均触发相同问题。已尝试执行flutter clean、flutter upgrade，问题未解决。

报错信息 #

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* Where:
Build file 'C:\Users\-\StudioProjects\-\android\app\build.gradle' line: 24

* What went wrong:
A problem occurred evaluating project ':app'.
> Unknown constant tag 41 in class file javax/management/MBeanServer

* Try:
> Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 856ms
Exception: Gradle task assembleDebug failed with exit code 1 

报错行代码（build.gradle第24行） #

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

Flutter Doctor 结果 #

D:\src\flutter\flutter\bin\flutter.bat doctor --verbose
[√] Flutter (Channel stable, 3.0.5, on Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.22000.795], locale en-US)
    • Flutter version 3.0.5 at D:\src\flutter\flutter
    • Upstream repository https://github.com/flutter/flutter.git
    • Framework revision f1875d570e (3 weeks ago), 2022-07-13 11:24:16 -0700
    • Engine revision e85ea0e79c
    • Dart version 2.17.6
    • DevTools version 2.12.2

[√] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 32.0.0-rc1)
    • Android SDK at C:/Users/Sully/AppData/Local/Android/Sdk
    • Platform android-33, build-tools 32.0.0-rc1
    • ANDROID_HOME = C:/Users/Sully/AppData/Local/Android/Sdk
    • Java binary at: D:\Program Files\Android\Android Studio\jre\bin\java
    • Java version OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.11+9-b60-7590822)
    • All Android licenses accepted.

[X] Chrome - develop for the web (Cannot find Chrome executable at .\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe)
    ! Cannot find Chrome. Try setting CHROME_EXECUTABLE to a Chrome executable.

[√] Visual Studio - develop for Windows (Visual Studio Community 2022 17.0.5)
    • Visual Studio at C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community
    • Visual Studio Community 2022 version 17.0.32112.339
    • Windows 10 SDK version 10.0.19041.0

[√] Android Studio (version 2021.1)
    • Android Studio at D:\Program Files\Android\Android Studio
    • Flutter plugin can be installed from:
       https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/9212-flutter
    • Dart plugin can be installed from:
       https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/6351-dart
    • Java version OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.11+9-b60-7590822)

[√] VS Code (version 1.66.2)
    • VS Code at C:\Users\Sully\AppData\Local\Programs\Microsoft VS Code
    • Flutter extension version 3.38.1

[√] Connected device (3 available)
    • SM N986B (mobile) • R5CT11TPK3M • android-arm64  • Android 12 (API 31)
    • Windows (desktop) • windows     • windows-x64    • Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.22000.795]
    • Edge (web)        • edge        • web-javascript • Microsoft Edge 103.0.1264.77

[√] HTTP Host Availability
    • All required HTTP hosts are available

! Doctor found issues in 1 category.
Process finished with exit code 0

完整app/build.gradle代码 #

def localProperties = new Properties()
def localPropertiesFile = rootProject.file('local.properties')
if (localPropertiesFile.exists()) {
    localPropertiesFile.withReader('UTF-8') { reader ->
        localProperties.load(reader)
    }
}

def flutterRoot = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.sdk')
if (flutterRoot == null) {
    throw new GradleException("Flutter SDK not found. Define location with flutter.sdk in the local.properties file.")
}

def flutterVersionCode = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.versionCode')
if (flutterVersionCode == null) {
    flutterVersionCode = '1'
}

def flutterVersionName = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.versionName')
if (flutterVersionName == null) {
    flutterVersionName = '1.0'
}

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-android'
apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'
apply from: "$flutterRoot/packages/flutter_tools/gradle/flutter.gradle"

android {
    ndkVersion flutter.ndkVersion
    compileSdkVersion 32
    compileSdkVersion 31

    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }

    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = '1.8'
    }

    sourceSets {
        main.java.srcDirs += 'src/main/kotlin'
    }

    defaultConfig {
        // TODO: Specify your own unique Application ID (https://developer.android.com/studio/build/application-id.html).
        applicationId "com.example.emart"
        // You can update the following values to match your application needs.
        // For more information, see: https://docs.flutter.dev/deployment/android#reviewing-the-build-configuration.
        minSdkVersion flutter.minSdkVersion
        versionCode flutterVersionCode.toInteger()
        versionName flutterVersionName
        minSdkVersion 31
        targetSdkVersion flutter.targetSdkVersion
        multiDexEnabled true
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            // TODO: Add your own signing config for the release build.
            // Signing with the debug keys for now, so `flutter run --release` works.
            signingConfig signingConfigs.debug
        }
    }
}

flutter {
    source '../..'
}

dependencies {
    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:$kotlin_version"
    implementation 'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.3'

}

configurations.all {
    resolutionStrategy.force 'com.android.support:support-v4:24.0.0'
}

解决方案 #

• 调整JDK版本：Unknown constant tag 41通常是JDK版本不兼容导致，当前使用的JDK 11可能与Gradle存在冲突。切换到JDK 8：

  1. 打开Android Studio的File > Project Structure > SDK Location
  2. 将JDK路径改为本地JDK 8的安装目录
  3. 执行flutter clean后重新构建项目

• 修正重复配置：app/build.gradle中存在重复的compileSdkVersion和minSdkVersion，删除重复行：

  // 保留一行compileSdkVersion，建议与targetSdkVersion匹配
  compileSdkVersion 31
  // 保留一行minSdkVersion
  minSdkVersion 31
  

• 升级Gradle插件：在项目根目录的build.gradle中，将Gradle插件版本更新为与Android Studio 2021.1兼容的版本（如classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.0.4'）

• 清除Gradle缓存：删除用户目录下的.gradle文件夹（如C:\Users\Sully\.gradle），重新执行构建

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Sally