如何在Delphi中获取Windows本地用户的完整姓名

要获取本地用户的完整姓名、注册邮箱等GetUsernameEx无法提供的信息，你可以使用Windows原生的NetUserGetInfo API函数——它属于NetAPI32库，专门用于查询本地或域用户的详细属性。

核心思路 #

NetUserGetInfo支持不同的信息级别（Level），其中Level 2的结构包含我们需要的完整姓名、邮箱地址等字段。针对本地用户，只需将服务器参数设为nil或空字符串即可。

Delphi实现代码 #

首先需要定义API所需的结构和函数声明（若Delphi的Windows单元未完整包含相关定义）：

{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}

uses
  Windows, SysUtils;

// 定义USER_INFO_2结构，包含完整姓名、邮箱等核心信息
type
  USER_INFO_2 = record
    usri2_name: LPWSTR;
    usri2_password: LPWSTR;
    usri2_password_age: DWORD;
    usri2_priv: DWORD;
    usri2_home_dir: LPWSTR;
    usri2_comment: LPWSTR;
    usri2_flags: DWORD;
    usri2_script_path: LPWSTR;
    usri2_auth_flags: DWORD;
    usri2_full_name: LPWSTR;
    usri2_usr_comment: LPWSTR;
    usri2_parms: LPWSTR;
    usri2_workstations: LPWSTR;
    usri2_last_logon: DWORD;
    usri2_last_logoff: DWORD;
    usri2_acct_expires: DWORD;
    usri2_max_storage: DWORD;
    usri2_units_per_week: DWORD;
    usri2_logon_hours: PBYTE;
    usri2_bad_pw_count: DWORD;
    usri2_num_logons: DWORD;
    usri2_logon_server: LPWSTR;
    usri2_country_code: DWORD;
    usri2_code_page: DWORD;
    usri2_user_sid: PSID;
    usri2_primary_group_id: DWORD;
    usri2_profile: LPWSTR;
    usri2_home_dir_drive: LPWSTR;
    usri2_password_expired: DWORD;
  end;
  PUSER_INFO_2 = ^USER_INFO_2;

// 声明NetUserGetInfo和内存释放函数
function NetUserGetInfo(servername: LPCWSTR; username: LPCWSTR; level: DWORD; var bufptr: Pointer): DWORD; stdcall; external 'netapi32.dll' name 'NetUserGetInfo';
function NetApiBufferFree(buffer: Pointer): DWORD; stdcall; external 'netapi32.dll' name 'NetApiBufferFree';

示例函数：获取本地用户的完整姓名 #

function GetLocalUserFullName(const AUsername: string): string;
var
  pUserInfo: PUSER_INFO_2;
  dwResult: DWORD;
begin
  Result := '';
  // 查询本地用户的Level 2信息
  dwResult := NetUserGetInfo(nil, PWideChar(AUsername), 2, Pointer(pUserInfo));
  try
    if dwResult = NERR_Success then
    begin
      if Assigned(pUserInfo^.usri2_full_name) then
        Result := WideString(pUserInfo^.usri2_full_name);
    end
    else
      RaiseLastOSError(dwResult);
  finally
    // 释放API分配的内存
    if Assigned(pUserInfo) then
      NetApiBufferFree(pUserInfo);
  end;
end;

扩展：获取用户注册邮箱 #

基于同样的逻辑，只需访问pUserInfo^.usri2_email字段即可获取邮箱信息：

function GetLocalUserEmail(const AUsername: string): string;
var
  pUserInfo: PUSER_INFO_2;
  dwResult: DWORD;
begin
  Result := '';
  dwResult := NetUserGetInfo(nil, PWideChar(AUsername), 2, Pointer(pUserInfo));
  try
    if dwResult = NERR_Success then
    begin
      if Assigned(pUserInfo^.usri2_email) then
        Result := WideString(pUserInfo^.usri2_email);
    end
    else
      RaiseLastOSError(dwResult);
  finally
    if Assigned(pUserInfo) then
      NetApiBufferFree(pUserInfo);
  end;
end;

测试调用示例 #

var
  FullName, Email: string;
begin
  try
    FullName := GetLocalUserFullName('rabi');
    Writeln('用户完整姓名: ', FullName);

    Email := GetLocalUserEmail('rabi');
    Writeln('用户注册邮箱: ', Email);
  except
    on E: Exception do
      Writeln('错误: ', E.Message);
  end;
  Readln;
end.

注意事项 #

• 权限要求：普通用户权限通常可以查询本地用户的基本信息（如完整姓名、邮箱），部分敏感信息可能需要管理员权限。
• 错误处理：需妥善处理NetUserGetInfo返回的错误码，例如NERR_UserNotFound表示指定的本地用户不存在。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者mrabat