Heroku部署应用报错:启动脚本缺失致崩溃及GET请求失败求助
Heroku部署应用启动失败问题排查与解决
问题描述
在Heroku平台部署应用时持续报错,无法通过修改源码解决。推测启动报错原因是package.json的scripts中仅配置了"start:backend": "nodemon backend.js"和"start:frontend": "react-scripts start",缺少默认的start脚本。同时不清楚路径及GET请求出现了什么问题。
错误日志
2022-08-03T23:37:55.245406+00:00 heroku[router]: at=error code=H10 desc="App crashed" method=GET path="/" host=calm-stream-00694.herokuapp.com request_id=f48450ec-3ead-40fb-8ccc-f25532f1fe0a fwd="99.225.37.41" dyno= connect= service= status=503 bytes= protocol=https 2022-08-03T23:37:55.445318+00:00 heroku[router]: at=error code=H10 desc="App crashed" method=GET path="/favicon.ico" host=calm-stream-00694.herokuapp.com request_id=b90566e5-a089-45ad-95bb-a91da389f92c fwd="99.225.37.41" dyno= connect= service= status=503 bytes= protocol=https 2022-08-03T23:39:13.971134+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from crashed to starting 2022-08-03T23:39:26.279431+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command `npm run start` 2022-08-03T23:39:27.778014+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited with status 1 2022-08-03T23:39:27.861645+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to crashed 2022-08-03T23:39:27.872168+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from crashed to starting 2022-08-03T23:39:27.617450+00:00 app[web.1]: npm WARN config production Use `--omit=dev` instead. 2022-08-03T23:39:27.634032+00:00 app[web.1]: npm ERR! Missing script: "start" 2022-08-03T23:39:27.634167+00:00 app[web.1]: npm ERR! 2022-08-03T23:39:27.634286+00:00 app[web.1]: npm ERR! Did you mean one of these? 2022-08-03T23:39:27.634412+00:00 app[web.1]: npm ERR! npm star # Mark your favorite packages 2022-08-03T23:39:27.634452+00:00 app[web.1]: npm ERR! npm stars # View packages marked as favorites 2022-08-03T23:39:27.634492+00:00 app[web.1]: npm ERR! 2022-08-03T23:39:27.634598+00:00 app[web.1]: npm ERR! To see a list of scripts, run: 2022-08-03T23:39:27.634599+00:00 app[web.1]: npm ERR! npm run 2022-08-03T23:39:27.636041+00:00 app[web.1]: 2022-08-03T23:39:27.636210+00:00 app[web.1]: npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in: 2022-08-03T23:39:27.636264+00:00 app[web.1]: npm ERR! /app/.npm/_logs/2022-08-03T23_39_27_592Z-debug-0.log 2022-08-03T23:39:40.250299+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command `npm run start` 2022-08-03T23:39:41.591800+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited with status 1 2022-08-03T23:39:41.660469+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to crashed
解决方案
1. 修复缺失的start脚本
Heroku默认执行npm run start启动应用,你的package.json里无此脚本,这是核心报错原因。根据项目架构分两种情况处理:
情况一:前后端分开部署(推荐)
- 后端单独部署:修改
package.json,添加"start": "node backend.js"(生产环境别用nodemon,它是开发工具,会占用额外资源)。 - 前端单独部署:前端build后部署到Heroku静态资源服务,
scripts里添加"start": "serve -s build",同时安装serve依赖(npm install --save serve)。
情况二:前后端同进程启动(适合小型项目)
用concurrently工具同时启动前后端:
- 安装依赖:
npm install --save concurrently - 修改
package.json的scripts:
更合理的生产环境做法:先build前端,再让后端托管静态文件。比如用Express的话,在"scripts": { "start:backend": "node backend.js", "start:frontend": "react-scripts start", "start": "concurrently \"npm run start:backend\" \"npm run start:frontend\"", "build": "react-scripts build" }backend.js里添加:
然后const path = require('path'); app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'build'))); app.get('/*', (req, res) => { res.sendFile(path.join(__dirname, 'build', 'index.html')); });scripts里的start改为"start": "node backend.js",添加"heroku-postbuild": "npm run build",让Heroku部署时自动构建前端。
2. 路径与GET请求问题
日志里的H10错误是应用启动失败导致的,修复start脚本后,路径和GET请求问题大概率会自动解决。若仍有404问题:
- 确保前端路由和后端接口路径不冲突。
- 用React Router的话,配置后端返回
index.html处理所有路由(如上面Express的代码)。 - 检查后端接口是否正确处理GET请求,端口使用Heroku提供的
process.env.PORT(别硬写端口号)。
内容的提问来源于stack exchange,提问作者Lulu
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