Chrome WebDriver加载失败求助：DeprecationWarning及路径错误

问题描述 #

在Manjaro Linux系统中，通过PyCharm安装Python、python-pip及Selenium包实现自动化功能，但无法加载Chrome WebDriver并报错。已下载与当前Chrome浏览器版本匹配的chromedriver文件，并存放在项目文件夹及/usr/local/bin/chromedriver路径下，仍出现错误。

运行代码 #

from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver')
browser.get('www.google.com')

错误信息 #

/home/abubakar/PycharmProjects/pythonProject_01/main.py:2: DeprecationWarning: executable_path has been deprecated, please pass in a Service object
  browser = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/abubakar/PycharmProjects/pythonProject_01/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/common/service.py", line 71, in start
    self.process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, env=self.env,
  File "/usr/lib/python3.10/subprocess.py", line 969, in __init__
    self._execute_child(args, executable, preexec_fn, close_fds,
  File "/usr/lib/python3.10/subprocess.py", line 1845, in _execute_child
    raise child_exception_type(errno_num, err_msg, err_filename)
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: './chromedriver'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/abubakar/PycharmProjects/pythonProject_01/main.py", line 2, in <module>
    browser = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver')
  File "/home/abubakar/PycharmProjects/pythonProject_01/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/webdriver.py", line 69, in __init__
    super().__init__(DesiredCapabilities.CHROME['browserName'], "goog",
  File "/home/abubakar/PycharmProjects/pythonProject_01/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chromium/webdriver.py", line 89, in __init__
    self.service.start()
  File "/home/abubakar/PycharmProjects/pythonProject_01/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/common/service.py", line 81, in start
    raise WebDriverException(
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: 'chromedriver' executable needs to be in PATH. Please see https://chromedriver.chromium.org/home

Process finished with exit code 1

解决步骤 #

1. 赋予chromedriver可执行权限 #

即使文件放置在正确路径，没有可执行权限系统也无法调用。打开终端执行：

sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/chromedriver

如果需要使用项目文件夹内的chromedriver，同样添加权限：

chmod +x /home/abubakar/PycharmProjects/pythonProject_01/chromedriver

2. 适配新版本Selenium的代码写法 #

错误提示明确executable_path参数已被弃用，需改用Service类。修改代码如下：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service

# 方式一：调用/usr/local/bin路径下的chromedriver（该目录默认在系统PATH中，无需指定路径）
service = Service()
browser = webdriver.Chrome(service=service)

# 方式二：指定项目文件夹内chromedriver的绝对路径
# service = Service('/home/abubakar/PycharmProjects/pythonProject_01/chromedriver')
# browser = webdriver.Chrome(service=service)

browser.get('https://www.google.com')  # 注意添加http/https协议前缀

3. 验证系统PATH包含目标目录 #

如果方式一无效，检查系统PATH是否包含/usr/local/bin：

echo $PATH

若输出中无该目录，临时添加（重启终端后失效）：

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin

或永久添加，编辑~/.bashrc或~/.zshrc文件（根据使用的Shell），在末尾添加：

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin

保存后执行source ~/.bashrc或source ~/.zshrc生效。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Abubakr Umar