Python循环填充字典仅返回最后一个IP数据的问题排查

从netstat提取了一批端点IP并存储在列表中，尝试通过enrich_ip函数为每个IP添加GeoIP信息，但循环结束后字典仅保留最后一个IP的信息。此前在函数外实现时功能正常，封装成函数后出现数据覆盖问题。

调试信息 #

DEBUG1: Endpoint IPs: ['165.227.118.82', '155.133.248.39', '20.54.37.64', '173.194.76.188', '74.125.206.109', '47.251.49.246', '52.19.109.21', '151.101.61.229', '151.101.60.193', '162.159.133.234', '162.159.135.232', '162.159.133.232', '162.159.129.232', '75.2.53.94', '54.170.196.176', '143.204.65.104', '34.236.20.64', '75.101.134.98', '75.101.134.98', '75.101.134.98', '52.216.249.68', '52.216.249.68', '142.250.179.228', '142.250.179.228', '52.96.165.18', '52.97.133.194', '52.98.159.194']
DEBUG2: Enriched IP: {'IP': '52.98.159.194', 'continent': 'Europe', 'country': 'France', 'iso_code': 'FR', 'city': 'Paris', 'lat': 48.8323, 'long': 2.4075, 'timezone': 'Europe/Paris', 'accuracy': 20}

问题代码 #

def enrich_ip(rip):
    enriched_info = {}
    for ip in rip:
        try:
            enriched_info['IP'] = ip
            enriched_info['continent'] = get_ip_info(ip).continent.name
            enriched_info['country'] = get_ip_info(ip).country.name
            enriched_info['iso_code'] = get_ip_info(ip).country.iso_code
            enriched_info['city'] = get_ip_info(ip).city.name
            enriched_info['lat'] = get_ip_info(ip).location.latitude
            enriched_info['long'] = get_ip_info(ip).location.longitude
            enriched_info['timezone'] = get_ip_info(ip).location.time_zone
            enriched_info['accuracy'] = get_ip_info(ip).location.accuracy_radius
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            continue
    return enriched_info

问题原因 #

enriched_info被定义为单个字典，循环过程中每次迭代都会覆盖字典内的所有键值对，最终仅保留最后一次循环的IP数据。函数外实现正常，是因为当时大概率每次循环都会将生成的字典存入列表，而封装成函数后错误地复用了同一个字典对象。

修复方案 #

将enriched_info改为列表存储，每次循环创建新字典并添加到列表中，同时优化get_ip_info的调用次数以提升效率：

def enrich_ip(rip):
    enriched_info = []  # 改为列表存储多个IP的信息
    for ip in rip:
        try:
            ip_info = {}  # 每次循环创建新字典
            geo_data = get_ip_info(ip)  # 仅调用一次GeoIP接口，减少开销
            ip_info['IP'] = ip
            ip_info['continent'] = geo_data.continent.name
            ip_info['country'] = geo_data.country.name
            ip_info['iso_code'] = geo_data.country.iso_code
            ip_info['city'] = geo_data.city.name
            ip_info['lat'] = geo_data.location.latitude
            ip_info['long'] = geo_data.location.longitude
            ip_info['timezone'] = geo_data.location.time_zone
            ip_info['accuracy'] = geo_data.location.accuracy_radius
            enriched_info.append(ip_info)  # 将新字典加入列表
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            continue
    return enriched_info

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者twelsh37