运行Apache POI项目时出现Log4j相关NoClassDefFoundError求助

运行项目时触发以下错误：

ERROR StatusLogger Unable to create Lookup for ctx

完整堆栈信息：

ERROR StatusLogger Unable to create Lookup for ctx
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/logging/log4j/util/ServiceLoaderUtil
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.ThreadContextDataInjector.getServiceProviders(ThreadContextDataInjector.java:77)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.ThreadContextDataInjector.<init>(ThreadContextDataInjector.java:64)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.ThreadContextDataInjector$ForCopyOnWriteThreadContextMap.<init>(ThreadContextDataInjector.java:211)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.ContextDataInjectorFactory.createDefaultInjector(ContextDataInjectorFactory.java:94)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.ContextDataInjectorFactory.createInjector(ContextDataInjectorFactory.java:71)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.lookup.ContextMapLookup.<init>(ContextMapLookup.java:34)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:490)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.ReflectionUtil.instantiate(ReflectionUtil.java:189)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.lookup.Interpolator.<init>(Interpolator.java:81)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.lookup.Interpolator.<init>(Interpolator.java:100)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AbstractConfiguration.<init>(AbstractConfiguration.java:135)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.NullConfiguration.<init>(NullConfiguration.java:32)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext.<init>(LoggerContext.java:74)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.selector.ClassLoaderContextSelector.createContext(ClassLoaderContextSelector.java:254)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.selector.ClassLoaderContextSelector.locateContext(ClassLoaderContextSelector.java:218)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.selector.ClassLoaderContextSelector.getContext(ClassLoaderContextSelector.java:136)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.selector.ClassLoaderContextSelector.getContext(ClassLoaderContextSelector.java:123)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.selector.ClassLoaderContextSelector.getContext(ClassLoaderContextSelector.java:117)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.Log4jContextFactory.getContext(Log4jContextFactory.java:150)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.Log4jContextFactory.getContext(Log4jContextFactory.java:47)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager.getContext(LogManager.java:196)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager.getLogger(LogManager.java:599)
at org.apache.poi.ooxml.POIXMLDocumentPart.<init>(POIXMLDocumentPart.java:56)
at CreateDocumentSimple.main(CreateDocumentSimple.java:88)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.logging.log4j.util.ServiceLoaderUtil
at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:581)
at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:178)
at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:521)
... 27 more
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.ThreadContextDataInjector
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.ThreadContextDataInjector$ForCopyOnWriteThreadContextMap.<init>(ThreadContextDataInjector.java:211)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.ContextDataInjectorFactory.createDefaultInjector(ContextDataInjectorFactory.java:94)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.ContextDataInjectorFactory.createInjector(ContextDataInjectorFactory.java:71)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.ReusableLogEventFactory.<init>(ReusableLogEventFactory.java:42)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.LoggerConfig.<init>(LoggerConfig.java:101)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AbstractConfiguration.<init>(AbstractConfiguration.java:138)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.NullConfiguration.<init>(NullConfiguration.java:32)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext.<init>(LoggerContext.java:74)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.selector.ClassLoaderContextSelector.createContext(ClassLoaderContextSelector.java:254)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.selector.ClassLoaderContextSelector.locateContext(ClassLoaderContextSelector.java:218)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.selector.ClassLoaderContextSelector.getContext(ClassLoaderContextSelector.java:136)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.selector.ClassLoaderContextSelector.getContext(ClassLoaderContextSelector.java:123)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.selector.ClassLoaderContextSelector.getContext(ClassLoaderContextSelector.java:117)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.Log4jContextFactory.getContext(Log4jContextFactory.java:150)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.Log4jContextFactory.getContext(Log4jContextFactory.java:47)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager.getContext(LogManager.java:196)
at org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager.getLogger(LogManager.java:599)
at org.apache.poi.ooxml.POIXMLDocumentPart.<init>(POIXMLDocumentPart.java:56)
at CreateDocumentSimple.main(CreateDocumentSimple.java:88)

我没有在项目中手动引入任何日志组件，不清楚错误来源。

项目的pom.xml配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>TestPoi</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
            <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

解决方案 #

这个错误是因为POI 5.2.2依赖的Log4j 2.x组件缺失了必要的jar包。虽然你没有手动引入日志组件，但POI内部使用Log4j进行日志输出，Maven传递依赖可能没有完整引入所有必需的Log4j模块。

方案1：补充Log4j依赖

在pom.xml中添加Log4j的核心依赖，确保版本与POI依赖的版本匹配：

<dependencies>
    <!-- 原有的POI依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
        <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.2</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- 添加Log4j必需依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.17.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
        <version>2.17.2</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

添加后执行mvn clean install重新构建项目，即可解决类缺失问题。

方案2：禁用日志输出

如果不需要日志功能，可排除POI的Log4j依赖，替换为无操作的日志实现：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
    <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
    <version>5.2.2</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>slf4j-nop</artifactId>
    <version>1.7.36</version>
</dependency>

这种方式会禁用所有日志输出，适合简单测试项目。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user19013678