Flutter构建APK失败：kotlin-gradle-plugin:1.7.10依赖解析错误

执行命令E:\src\flutter\bin\flutter.bat --no-color build apk开启严格空安全构建Flutter应用时，运行Gradle任务assembleRelease失败。错误核心为配置根项目android时无法解析:classpath的所有构件，具体是无法解析org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:1.7.10——当前环境要求找到兼容Java 11、打包为jar且依赖外部声明的运行时组件，但该插件的多个变体均无法完全匹配需求。

完整报错日志 #

E:\src\flutter\bin\flutter.bat --no-color build apk
 Building with sound null safety 

Running Gradle task 'assembleRelease'...                        

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
A problem occurred configuring root project 'android'.
> Could not resolve all artifacts for configuration ':classpath'.
   > Could not resolve org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:1.7.10.
     Required by:
         project :
      > The consumer was configured to find a runtime of a component compatible with Java 11, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally. However we cannot choose between the following variants of org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:1.7.10:
          - gradle70JavadocElements
          - gradle70RuntimeElements
          - gradle70SourcesElements
          - javadocElements
          - runtimeElementsWithFixedAttribute
          - sourcesElements
        All of them match the consumer attributes:
          - Variant 'gradle70JavadocElements' capability org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:1.7.10 declares a runtime of a component, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Unmatched attributes:
                  - Provides documentation but the consumer didn't ask for it
                  - Provides javadocs but the consumer didn't ask for it
                  - Doesn't say anything about its target Java version (required compatibility with Java 11)
                  - Doesn't say anything about its elements (required them packaged as a jar)
                  - Provides attribute 'org.gradle.plugin.api-version' with value '7.0' but the consumer didn't ask for it
                  - Provides release status but the consumer didn't ask for it
          - Variant 'gradle70RuntimeElements' capability org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:1.7.10 declares a runtime of a component compatible with Java 8, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Unmatched attributes:
                  - Provides a library but the consumer didn't ask for it
                  - Provides attribute 'org.gradle.jvm.environment' with value 'standard-jvm' but the consumer didn't ask for it
                  - Provides attribute 'org.gradle.plugin.api-version' with value '7.0' but the consumer didn't ask for it
                  - Provides release status but the consumer didn't ask for it
          - Variant 'gradle70SourcesElements' capability org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:1.7.10 declares a runtime of a component, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Unmatched attributes:
                  - Provides documentation but the consumer didn't ask for it
                  - Provides sources but the consumer didn't ask for it
                  - Doesn't say anything about its target Java version (required compatibility with Java 11)
                  - Doesn't say anything about its elements (required them packaged as a jar)
                  - Provides attribute 'org.gradle.plugin.api-version' with value '7.0' but the consumer didn't ask for it
                  - Provides release status but the consumer didn't ask for it
          - Variant 'javadocElements' capability org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:1.7.10 declares a runtime of a component, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Unmatched attributes:
                  - Provides documentation but the consumer didn't ask for it
                  - Provides javadocs but the consumer didn't ask for it
                  - Doesn't say anything about its target Java version (required compatibility with Java 11)
                  - Doesn't say anything about its elements (required them packaged as a jar)
                  - Provides release status but the consumer didn't ask for it
          - Variant 'runtimeElementsWithFixedAttribute' capability org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:1.7.10 declares a runtime of a component compatible with Java 8, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Unmatched attributes:
                  - Provides a library but the consumer didn't ask for it
                  - Provides attribute 'org.gradle.jvm.environment' with value 'standard-jvm' but the consumer didn't ask for it
                  - Provides release status but the consumer didn't ask for it
          - Variant 'sourcesElements' capability org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:1.7.10 declares a runtime of a component, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Unmatched attributes:
                  - Provides documentation but the consumer didn't ask for it
                  - Provides sources but the consumer didn't ask for it
                  - Doesn't say anything about its target Java version (required compatibility with Java 11)
                  - Doesn't say anything about its elements (required them packaged as a jar)
                  - Provides release status but the consumer didn't ask for it
        The following variants were also considered but didn't match the requested attributes:
          - Variant 'apiElementsWithFixedAttribute' capability org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:1.7.10 declares a component compatible with Java 8, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares an API of a component and the consumer needed a runtime of a component
          - Variant 'gradle70ApiElements' capability org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:1.7.10 declares a component compatible with Java 8, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares an API of a component and the consumer needed a runtime of a component

* Try:
Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output. Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 19s
Running Gradle task 'assembleRelease'...                           23.9s
Gradle task assembleRelease failed with exit code 1
Process finished with exit code 1

当前android\build.gradle文件内容 #

buildscript {
    ext.kotlin_version = '1.7.10'
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }

    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.0-alpha09'
        classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version"
        classpath 'com.google.gms.google-services:com.google.gms.google-services.gradle.plugin:4.3.13'
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }
}

rootProject.buildDir = '../build'
subprojects {
    project.buildDir = "${rootProject.buildDir}/${project.name}"
}
subprojects {
    project.evaluationDependsOn(':app')
}

task clean(type: Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

• 调整Gradle构建工具版本
  目前使用的com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.0-alpha09是预览版，稳定性差且与Kotlin 1.7.10的Java版本要求不匹配。建议替换为稳定版，比如7.3.1（与Kotlin 1.7.10兼容）：

  classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.3.1'
  

• 修正Google Services依赖格式
  原依赖写法错误，改为标准格式：

  classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:4.3.13'
  

• 强制指定Java 11环境
  在buildscript块中添加Java版本配置，同时修改项目根目录的gradle.properties文件：

  1. 在android/build.gradle的buildscript内添加：

     tasks.withType(JavaCompile) {
         sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11
         targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11
     }
     

  2. 在项目根目录的gradle.properties中添加：

     org.gradle.java.home=<你的Java 11安装路径>
     

• 清理Gradle缓存
  执行以下命令清理缓存并重新同步：

  flutter clean
  cd android && gradlew cleanBuildCache
  cd .. && flutter pub get
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者John Michael Tan