R语言绘制适用于PDF导出的美观四象限气泡图求助

问题背景 #

需绘制美观的四象限气泡图，已用ggplot2实现基础效果，但存在颜色过淡、气泡尺寸过小的问题；尝试plotly未成功，且因最终需导出为PDF（要求静态显示标签，无需交互），plotly并非最优选择。

优化后的代码 #

针对上述问题，对原ggplot2代码进行调整，强化视觉效果并添加静态标签，完美适配PDF导出：

library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)

# 可选：给数据集添加象限标签，强化四象限区分
plot_3D <- plot_3D %>%
  mutate(quadrant = case_when(
    actes_evolution_2020_2021 > 0 & tx_0_nuit_2021 > 0 ~ "Q1",
    actes_evolution_2020_2021 < 0 & tx_0_nuit_2021 > 0 ~ "Q2",
    actes_evolution_2020_2021 < 0 & tx_0_nuit_2021 < 0 ~ "Q3",
    actes_evolution_2020_2021 > 0 & tx_0_nuit_2021 < 0 ~ "Q4"
  ))

p <- ggplot(plot_3D, aes(x = actes_evolution_2020_2021, y = tx_0_nuit_2021)) +
  # 添加象限背景色，增强视觉区分度
  geom_rect(aes(xmin = -Inf, xmax = 0, ymin = 0, ymax = Inf), fill = "#E8F4F8", alpha = 0.2) +
  geom_rect(aes(xmin = 0, xmax = Inf, ymin = 0, ymax = Inf), fill = "#E8F8E8", alpha = 0.2) +
  geom_rect(aes(xmin = -Inf, xmax = 0, ymin = -Inf, ymax = 0), fill = "#F8E8E8", alpha = 0.2) +
  geom_rect(aes(xmin = 0, xmax = Inf, ymin = -Inf, ymax = 0), fill = "#F8F4E8", alpha = 0.2) +
  # 气泡：移除半透明解决颜色淡问题，绑定分组色和气泡大小
  geom_point(aes(color = regroupement, size = actes_2021)) +
  # 更换为更饱和的配色方案
  scale_color_manual(values = c("#009E73", "#E69F00", "#D55E00", "#CC79A7", "#56B4E9", "#0072B2")) +
  # 增大气泡尺寸范围，强化类别间差异
  scale_size(range = c(6, 16)) +
  # 坐标轴参考线，加粗增强存在感
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, color = "black", linewidth = 1) +
  geom_vline(xintercept = 0, color = "black", linewidth = 1) +
  # 坐标轴格式调整
  scale_y_continuous(labels = ~ paste0(.x, '%'), limits = c(-100, 100)) +
  scale_x_continuous(labels = ~ paste0(.x, '%'), limits = c(-100, 100)) +
  # 添加静态标签，直接显示分组名称（适配PDF静态需求）
  geom_text(aes(label = regroupement), hjust = 0.5, vjust = -1.2, size = 4) +
  # 图表标签配置
  labs(
    x = "évolution du nombre d'actes entre 2020 et 2021",
    y = "taux de 0 nuits en 2021",
    color = "Regroupement",
    size = "Actes 2021"
  ) +
  # 主题优化提升美观度
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(
    axis.title = element_text(size = 12),
    legend.position = "right",
    legend.title = element_text(face = "bold"),
    panel.grid = element_line(color = "#E0E0E0", linewidth = 0.5)
  )

p

# 导出为PDF
ggsave("quadrant_bubble_plot.pdf", p, width = 10, height = 8, dpi = 300)

关键修改说明 #

• 解决颜色过淡：移除原代码中的alpha=0.5参数，同时更换为高饱和配色，让气泡颜色更鲜明
• 增大气泡尺寸：将scale_size的范围从c(5,12)调整为c(6,16)，强化不同类别间的尺寸差异
• 添加静态标签：使用geom_text直接显示分组名称，满足PDF静态展示需求
• 四象限区分：添加半透明背景色，让四个象限的视觉边界更清晰
• 主题优化：采用theme_minimal()并调整网格线、字体样式，提升整体美观度

复现数据集 #

plot_3D <- structure(list(code_1 = c("M01b", "C01", "C02", "C04", "M01", 
"Total"), regroupement = c("Endoscopies digestives", "Ortho (+ rhumato et rachis)", 
"Chirurgie digestive", "Uro-néphro", "Gastro", "autres"), actes_2019 = c(36079, 
29520, 14618, 6515, 9179, 33707), actes_2020 = c(30192, 25451, 
12845, 7376, 7933, 24154), actes_2021 = c(42333, 24055, 13735, 
8196, 6504, 26115), tx_0_nuit_2019 = c(96.0955377574371, 63.5718186783179, 
41.4435389988359, 36.2817362817363, 3.92397302268547, 783.752765264434
), tx_0_nuit_2020 = c(96.0936155567028, 67.3069146785281, 40.5855855855856, 
34.344262295082, 3.29588014981273, 895.206473285694), tx_0_nuit_2021 = c(96.7053774299419, 
73.2892690513219, 51.0503369005153, 41.9021364576154, 3.6068530207394, 
849.200890941822), actes_evolution_2019_2020 = c(-16.3169710912165, 
-13.7838753387534, -12.1288822000274, 13.2156561780507, -13.5744634491775, 
-28.3412940932151), actes_evolution_2020_2021 = c(40.2126391096979, 
-5.48504970335154, 6.92876605683145, 11.117136659436, -18.0133619059624, 
8.11873809720957)), row.names = c(NA, 6L), class = "data.frame")

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者gerardlambert