Flutter应用后台关闭后无法接收OneSignal通知的问题排查

我遇到的问题和Stack Overflow上的《华为设备上应用关闭或划走后无法接收通知？》重复，已经试过该问题下的所有解决方案，但关闭应用后还是收不到OneSignal通知，想问问是不是还有遗漏的配置？

以下是我的Gradle配置：

android/build.gradle #

buildscript {
    ext.kotlin_version = '1.6.10'
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
        gradlePluginPortal()
        jcenter()
    }

    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.1.2'
        classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version"
        classpath 'gradle.plugin.com.onesignal:onesignal-gradle-plugin:[0.12.10, 0.99.99]'
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
        jcenter()
    }
}

rootProject.buildDir = '../build'
subprojects {
    project.buildDir = "${rootProject.buildDir}/${project.name}"
}
subprojects {
    project.evaluationDependsOn(':app')
}

task clean(type: Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

android/app/build.gradle #

def localProperties = new Properties()
def localPropertiesFile = rootProject.file('local.properties')
if (localPropertiesFile.exists()) {
    localPropertiesFile.withReader('UTF-8') { reader ->
        localProperties.load(reader)
    }
}

def flutterRoot = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.sdk')
if (flutterRoot == null) {
    throw new GradleException("Flutter SDK not found. Define location with flutter.sdk in the local.properties file.")
}

def flutterVersionCode = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.versionCode')
if (flutterVersionCode == null) {
    flutterVersionCode = '1'
}

def flutterVersionName = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.versionName')
if (flutterVersionName == null) {
    flutterVersionName = '1.0'
}

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-android'
apply from: "$flutterRoot/packages/flutter_tools/gradle/flutter.gradle"
apply plugin: 'com.onesignal.androidsdk.onesignal-gradle-plugin'

buildscript {
    repositories {
        // ...
        maven { url 'https://plugins.gradle.org/m2/' } // Gradle Plugin Portal
    }
    dependencies {
        // ...
        // OneSignal-Gradle-Plugin
        classpath 'gradle.plugin.com.onesignal:onesignal-gradle-plugin:[0.12.10, 0.99.99]'
    }
}


android {
    compileSdkVersion 32
    ndkVersion flutter.ndkVersion

    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }

    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = '1.8'
    }

    sourceSets {
        main.java.srcDirs += 'src/main/kotlin'
    }

    defaultConfig {
        // TODO: Specify your own unique Application ID (https://developer.android.com/studio/build/application-id.html).
        applicationId "com.example.onesignal_notif"
        // You can update the following values to match your application needs.
        // For more information, see: https://docs.flutter.dev/deployment/android#reviewing-the-build-configuration.
        minSdkVersion 21
        targetSdkVersion 31
        versionCode flutterVersionCode.toInteger()
        versionName flutterVersionName
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            // TODO: Add your own signing config for the release build.
            // Signing with the debug keys for now, so `flutter run --release` works.
            signingConfig signingConfigs.debug
        }
    }
}

flutter {
    source '../..'
}

dependencies {
    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:$kotlin_version"
    implementation 'com.onesignal:OneSignal:[4.0.0, 4.99.99]'
}

可能遗漏的配置项 #

1. 华为系统权限手动配置 #

华为设备后台进程限制严格，必须引导用户开启以下权限：

• 自启动权限：进入手机设置「应用管理」→ 你的应用 →「启动管理」，关闭「自动管理」，开启「手动管理」并勾选「允许自启动」「允许后台活动」「允许关联启动」
• 后台锁定：多任务界面长按应用卡片，选择「锁定」，避免被系统主动清理

2. OneSignal华为推送集成补充 #

OneSignal依赖HMS Core实现华为设备后台通知，需完成以下配置：

• 在android/app/build.gradle的defaultConfig中添加华为App ID：

  manifestPlaceholders = [
      onesignal_app_id: "你的OneSignal App ID",
      onesignal_google_project_number: "REMOTE",
      huawei_app_id: "你的华为开发者平台App ID"
  ]
  

• 将华为开发者平台下载的agconnect-services.json文件放置在android/app目录下

3. 通知渠道配置（Android 8.0+） #

Android 8.0及以上系统必须配置通知渠道，可在初始化代码中手动添加：

// 在Flutter的MainActivity中添加
OneSignal.initWithContext(this)
OneSignal.setAppId("你的OneSignal App ID")

// 创建高优先级通知渠道
val channel = NotificationChannel(
    "onesignal_default",
    "OneSignal通知",
    NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_HIGH
)
channel.description = "接收OneSignal推送通知"
val notificationManager = getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE) as NotificationManager
notificationManager.createNotificationChannel(channel)

4. Release包混淆规则 #

如果是Release编译包，需在android/app/proguard-rules.pro中添加混淆规则：

# OneSignal相关
-keep class com.onesignal.** { *; }
-dontwarn com.onesignal.**

# HMS Core相关
-keep class com.huawei.** { *; }
-dontwarn com.huawei.**

5. OneSignal初始化时机检查 #

确保在应用启动时尽早初始化OneSignal，比如在Flutter的main()函数中：

void main() async {
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
  await OneSignal.shared.setAppId("你的OneSignal App ID");
  runApp(MyApp());
}

6. 依赖版本更新 #

当前使用的OneSignal版本范围[4.0.0, 4.99.99]虽兼容targetSdkVersion 31，但建议更新到最新稳定版（如4.15.0），避免版本兼容问题

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者wahyu