如何让GitHub Actions中Workflow B的任务等待Workflow A完成？

当同时变更/forms路径和其他路径时，要保证Workflow B的集成测试在Workflow A完成后再执行，有以下几种可行方案：

方案1：在Workflow B中主动等待Workflow A完成 #

通过GitHub CLI查询同一次提交下Workflow A的运行状态，循环等待直到它完成（成功）后再执行集成测试。

配置示例 #

在Workflow B的集成测试Job中添加等待逻辑：

jobs:
  build-app:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      # 保留原有的应用构建步骤

  integration-test:
    needs: build-app
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      
      - name: 安装GitHub CLI
        run: |
          type -p curl >/dev/null || (sudo apt update && sudo apt install curl -y)
          curl -fsSL https://cli.github.com/packages/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg | sudo dd of=/usr/share/keyrings/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg \
          && sudo chmod go+r /usr/share/keyrings/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg \
          && echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg] https://cli.github.com/packages stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/github-cli.list > /dev/null \
          && sudo apt update && sudo apt install gh -y
      
      - name: 等待Workflow A完成
        env:
          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
        run: |
          # 替换成你的Workflow A的文件名
          WORKFLOW_A_NAME="workflow-a.yml"
          COMMIT_SHA=${{ github.sha }}
          
          # 循环查询运行状态
          while true; do
            RUN_STATUS=$(gh run list --workflow "$WORKFLOW_A_NAME" --commit "$COMMIT_SHA" --json status --jq '.[0].status')
            if [ "$RUN_STATUS" = "completed" ]; then
              echo "Workflow A已完成"
              break
            elif [ -z "$RUN_STATUS" ]; then
              echo "当前提交未触发Workflow A，继续等待..."
            else
              echo "Workflow A仍在运行: $RUN_STATUS，等待30秒后重试..."
            fi
            sleep 30
          done
          
          # 检查Workflow A是否成功，失败则终止测试
          RUN_CONCLUSION=$(gh run list --workflow "$WORKFLOW_A_NAME" --commit "$COMMIT_SHA" --json conclusion --jq '.[0].conclusion')
          if [ "$RUN_CONCLUSION" != "success" ]; then
            echo "Workflow A执行失败: $RUN_CONCLUSION"
            exit 1
          fi
      
      - name: 执行集成测试
        # 添加你的集成测试步骤

方案2：重构为可复用工作流，直接调用依赖逻辑 #

把Workflow A的核心构建逻辑抽成可被调用的独立工作流，在Workflow B中根据提交是否包含/forms路径变更，决定是否先调用该工作流，再执行集成测试。这种方式无需跨工作流等待，更可靠。

步骤1：抽离Workflow A的可复用逻辑 #

创建workflow-a-callable.yml文件：

# .github/workflows/workflow-a-callable.yml
name: Workflow A - 构建Docker镜像
on:
  workflow_call:

jobs:
  build-docker:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      # 保留原有的Docker镜像构建、推送步骤

步骤2：修改原Workflow A调用可复用逻辑 #

# .github/workflows/workflow-a.yml
name: Workflow A
on:
  push:
    paths:
      - '/forms/**'

jobs:
  call-build-docker:
    uses: ./.github/workflows/workflow-a-callable.yml

步骤3：修改Workflow B添加条件依赖 #

# .github/workflows/workflow-b.yml
name: Workflow B
on:
  push:
    paths-ignore:
      - '/forms/**'

jobs:
  build-app:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      # 保留原有的应用构建步骤

  # 仅当提交包含/forms路径变更时，执行Docker镜像构建
  build-docker-if-needed:
    if: contains(github.event.head_commit.modified, '/forms/')
    uses: ./.github/workflows/workflow-a-callable.yml

  integration-test:
    # 依赖应用构建和（可选的）Docker镜像构建完成
    needs: [build-app, build-docker-if-needed]
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: 执行集成测试
        # 添加你的集成测试步骤

方案3：利用环境依赖控制执行顺序 #

给Workflow A的构建Job绑定一个环境，让Workflow B的集成测试Job依赖该环境，GitHub Actions会自动等待环境的部署完成后再执行测试Job。

步骤1：给Workflow A配置环境 #

# .github/workflows/workflow-a.yml
name: Workflow A
on:
  push:
    paths:
      - '/forms/**'

jobs:
  build-docker:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    # 指定环境名称，可自定义
    environment: docker-image-built
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      # 保留原有的Docker镜像构建、推送步骤

步骤2：给Workflow B的测试Job配置环境依赖 #

# .github/workflows/workflow-b.yml
name: Workflow B
on:
  push:
    paths-ignore:
      - '/forms/**'

jobs:
  build-app:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      # 保留原有的应用构建步骤

  integration-test:
    needs: build-app
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    # 依赖Workflow A使用的环境
    environment: docker-image-built
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: 执行集成测试
        # 添加你的集成测试步骤

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者ssloan