CentOS7.9新Anaconda3环境安装Geopandas遇UnsatisfiableError求助

问题场景 #

CentOS 7.9系统，新安装Anaconda3（conda 4.13.0），执行conda install geopandas时触发UnsatisfiableError，核心冲突是系统自带的glibc 2.17与geopandas依赖的高版本libgcc-ng不兼容。具体报错如下：

$conda install geopandas
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: failed with initial frozen solve. Retrying with flexible solve.
Solving environment: failed with repodata from current_repodata.json, will retry with next repodata source.
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: failed with initial frozen solve. Retrying with flexible solve.
Solving environment:
Found conflicts! Looking for incompatible packages.
This can take several minutes. Press CTRL-C to abort. failed

UnsatisfiableError: The following specifications were found to be incompatible with each other:

Output in format: Requested package -> Available versionsThe following specifications were found to be incompatible with your system:

• feature:/linux-64::__glibc==2.17=0
• python=3.9 -> libgcc-ng[version='>=7.5.0'] -> __glibc[version='>=2.17']

Your installed version is: 2.17

可行解决方案 #

• 创建低Python版本的虚拟环境
  CentOS7的glibc 2.17无法满足Python3.9依赖的高版本libgcc-ng，切换到Python3.8或3.7版本可规避冲突：

  1. 创建虚拟环境：conda create -n geo_env python=3.8
  2. 激活环境：conda activate geo_env
  3. 安装geopandas：conda install geopandas

• 使用conda-forge源安装兼容版本
  conda-forge源提供更多兼容旧系统的包版本，指定与glibc2.17匹配的geopandas版本：

  1. 添加conda-forge通道并设置优先级：

     conda config --add channels conda-forge
     conda config --set channel_priority strict
     

  2. 安装兼容版本：conda install geopandas=0.10.2

• 混合conda+pip安装
  先用conda安装兼容的底层依赖，再用pip安装geopandas：

  1. 安装基础依赖：conda install gdal=3.0.4 shapely=1.7.1 fiona=1.8.20 pyproj=3.0.1
  2. pip安装geopandas：pip install geopandas

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者ebeb