构建Android项目时出现:app:mergeExtDexDebug任务执行失败

错误详情 #

任务':app:mergeExtDexDebug'执行失败。

无法解析':app:debugRuntimeClasspath'配置的所有文件。
无法转换play-services-ads-11.0.1.aar（com.google.android.gms:play-services-ads:11.0.1）以匹配属性{artifactType=android-dex, asm-transformed-variant=NONE, dexing-enable-desugaring=true, dexing-is-debuggable=true, dexing-min-sdk=21, org.gradle.category=library, org.gradle.libraryelements=jar, org.gradle.status=release, org.gradle.usage=java-runtime}。

DexingWithClasspathTransform执行失败：/Users/pavelkiruhin/.gradle/caches/transforms-3/bc9f963676e4faed6b0c0af40d264d92/transformed/jetified-play-services-ads-11.0.1-runtime.jar。
转译Dex时出错。

已尝试的解决方法 #

• 清理项目并重新构建
• 失效缓存并重启Android Studio
• 删除本地.gradle文件夹
• 重新安装Android Studio

项目配置 #

build.gradle (Module) #

plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'com.google.gms.google-services'
    id 'com.google.firebase.crashlytics'
    id 'kotlin-android'
}

android {
    compileSdkVersion 32
    buildToolsVersion "30.0.3"

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId 'com.pavloffmedev.dcn'
        minSdkVersion 21
        targetSdkVersion 32
        versionCode 90
        versionName "3.10 beta 4"
        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
        vectorDrawables {
            useSupportLibrary true
        }
    }

    buildFeatures {
        viewBinding true
        compose true
    }
    composeOptions {
        kotlinCompilerExtensionVersion = "$compose_version"
    }
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }

    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = '1.8'
    }
    packagingOptions {
        resources {
            excludes += '/META-INF/{AL2.0,LGPL2.1}'
        }
    }
}

dependencies {
    implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.8.0'
    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.4.2'
    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.6.1'
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.4'
    implementation 'androidx.legacy:legacy-support-v4:1.0.0'
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-messaging:23.0.7'
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-crashlytics-ktx:18.2.12'
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-ktx:21.1.0'
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-messaging-ktx:23.0.7'
    implementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui-tooling-preview:$compose_version"
    implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-runtime-ktx:2.5.1'
    implementation 'androidx.activity:activity-compose:1.5.1'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.3'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.4.0'
    implementation 'com.google.android.play:core:1.10.3'
    implementation 'com.android.volley:volley:1.2.1'
    implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-auth:20.2.0'
    androidTestImplementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui-test-junit4:$compose_version"
    apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
    apply plugin: 'kotlin-android'
    apply plugin: 'kotlin-android-extensions'
    implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:1.6.4'
    implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-android:1.6.4'
    implementation 'com.adcolony:sdk:4.8.0'
    implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-ads-identifier:18.0.1'
    implementation 'com.pollfish:pollfish-googleplay:6.2.5'
    implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.9.1'
    implementation 'com.squareup.picasso:picasso:2.71828'
    implementation 'com.adscendmedia.sdk:adscendmedia:2.3.9'
    implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.8.0'
    implementation 'io.getstream:avatarview-coil:1.0.6'
    implementation 'com.github.PsssUm:upmob-api:0.2.6'
    implementation 'com.gitlab.adgate-media:androidsdk:2.1.1'
    implementation 'com.airbnb.android:lottie:5.2.0'
    implementation 'com.facebook.shimmer:shimmer:0.5.0'
    implementation files('../libs/unity-ads.aar')
    implementation "androidx.compose.compiler:compiler:$compose_version"
    implementation "androidx.compose.foundation:foundation:$compose_version"
    implementation "androidx.compose.material:material:$compose_version"
    implementation "androidx.compose.runtime:runtime:$compose_version"
    implementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui:$compose_version"
    debugImplementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui-tooling:$compose_version"
    debugImplementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui-test-manifest:$compose_version"
    implementation "androidx.compose.material3:material3:1.0.0-alpha15"
}

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}

build.gradle (Project) #

buildscript {
    ext.kotlin_version = '1.7.0'
    ext.compose_version = "1.2.0"

    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.2.2'
        classpath 'org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:1.7.0'
        classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:4.3.13'
        classpath 'com.google.firebase:firebase-crashlytics-gradle:2.9.1'
        classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version"

        // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
        // in the individual module build.gradle files
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
        maven { url "https://bitbucket.org/adscend/androidsdk/raw/master/" }
        maven {
            url 'https://jitpack.io'
        }
    }
}

task clean(type: Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

解决方案 #

1. 修复Google Play服务版本冲突 #

错误中的play-services-ads:11.0.1是老旧版本，和项目中play-services-auth:20.2.0、play-services-ads-identifier:18.0.1版本严重不兼容：

• 执行./gradlew app:dependencies查看依赖树，定位引入旧版play-services-ads的依赖。
• 在Module的build.gradle的android块中添加版本强制统一规则：

configurations.all {
    resolutionStrategy {
        force 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-ads:20.6.0' // 选择与其他服务匹配的版本
    }
}

或者直接在dependencies块中显式添加兼容版本的play-services-ads依赖。

2. 修正依赖与插件位置错误 #

Module的dependencies块中混入了插件应用代码，需将以下代码移至文件顶部（与现有plugins块合并或放在文件最开头）：

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-android'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-android-extensions'

同时删除重复的androidx.core:core-ktx:1.8.0依赖。

3. 匹配Build Tools与Compile SDK版本 #

当前buildToolsVersion "30.0.3"与compileSdkVersion 32不匹配，升级为对应版本：

buildToolsVersion "32.0.0"

4. 启用D8 Dex编译器 #

在项目根目录的gradle.properties中添加（无此文件则创建）：

android.enableD8=true

完成以上修改后，重新清理项目并执行构建。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者paulme