M1 Mac使用Yarn安装依赖时Sharp包安装失败求助

问题背景 #

搭载M1 Max芯片的macOS 12.5系统中，使用yarn安装项目依赖时，Sharp包始终安装失败。已尝试通过brew install libvips安装依赖库，但问题未解决。

项目依赖配置 #

{
  "name": "@mike-north/typescript-fundamentals-v3",
  "version": "0.0.1",
  "description": "Mike's TypeScript Fundamentals Course (v3)",
  "main": "index.js",
  "repository": "git@github.com:mike-north/ts-fundamentals-v3.git",
  "author": "Mike North <michael.l.north@gmail.com>",
  "license": "NOLICENSE",
  "private": true,
  "workspaces": [
    "packages/*"
  ],
  "volta": {
    "node": "14.7.0",
    "yarn": "1.22.10"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@babel/core": "^7.4.0-0",
    "@babel/preset-typescript": "^7.16.7",
    "core-js": "^3.0.0",
    "lerna": "^4.0.0",
    "replace-in-file": "^6.2.0",
    "webpack": "^5.37.0"
  },
  "scripts": {
    "postinstall": "replace-in-file 'import chalk' 'import * as chalk' node_modules/gatsby-cli/lib/reporter/reporter.d.ts",
    "dev-website": "lerna run dev --scope website --stream",
    "dev-hello-ts": "lerna run dev --scope hello-ts --stream"
  },
  "dependencies": {}
}

错误日志 #

error /Users/myname/Documents/Projects/ts-fundamentals-v3/node_modules/sharp: Command failed.
Exit code: 1
Command: (node install/libvips && node install/dll-copy && prebuild-install) || (node install/can-compile && node-gyp rebuild && node install/dll-copy)
Arguments: 
Directory: /Users/myname/Documents/Projects/ts-fundamentals-v3/node_modules/sharp
Output:
sharp: Using cached /Users/myname/.npm/_libvips/libvips-8.10.6-darwin-arm64v8.tar.br
prebuild-install WARN install No prebuilt binaries found (target=3 runtime=napi arch=arm64 libc= platform=darwin)
gyp info it worked if it ends with ok
gyp info using node-gyp@7.1.2
gyp info using node@18.7.0 | darwin | arm64
gyp info find Python using Python version 3.8.9 found at "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/python3"
(node:23828) [DEP0150] DeprecationWarning: Setting process.config is deprecated. In the future the property will be read-only.
(Use `node --trace-deprecation ...` to show where the warning was created)
gyp info spawn /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/python3
gyp info spawn args [
gyp info spawn args   '/Users/myname/Documents/Projects/ts-fundamentals-v3/node_modules/@npmcli/run-script/node_modules/node-gyp/gyp/gyp_main.py',
gyp info spawn args   'binding.gyp',
gyp info spawn args   '-f',
gyp info spawn args   'make',
gyp info spawn args   '-I',
gyp info spawn args   '/Users/myname/Documents/Projects/ts-fundamentals-v3/node_modules/sharp/build/config.gypi',
gyp info spawn args   '-I',
gyp info spawn args   '/Users/myname/Documents/Projects/ts-fundamentals-v3/node_modules/@npmcli/run-script/node_modules/node-gyp/addon.gypi',
gyp info spawn args   '-I',
gyp info spawn args   '/Users/myname/Library/Caches/node-gyp/18.7.0/include/node/common.gypi',
gyp info spawn args   '-Dlibrary=shared_library',
gyp info spawn args   '-Dvisibility=default',
gyp info spawn args   '-Dnode_root_dir=/Users/myname/Library/Caches/node-gyp/18.7.0',
gyp info spawn args   '-Dnode_gyp_dir=/Users/myname/Documents/Projects/ts-fundamentals-v3/node_modules/@npmcli/run-script/node_modules/node-gyp',
gyp info spawn args   '-Dnode_lib_file=/Users/myname/Library/Caches/node-gyp/18.7.0/<(target_arch)/node.lib',
gyp info spawn args   '-Dmodule_root_dir=/Users/myname/Documents/Projects/ts-fundamentals-v3/node_modules/sharp',
gyp info spawn args   '-Dnode_engine=v8',
gyp info spawn args   '--depth=.',
gyp info spawn args   '--no-parallel',
gyp info spawn args   '--generator-output',
gyp info spawn args   'build',
gyp info spawn args   '-Goutput_dir=.'
gyp info spawn args ]
gyp info spawn make
gyp info spawn args [ 'BUILDTYPE=Release', '-C', 'build' ]
  CC(target) Release/obj.target/nothing/../node-addon-api/nothing.o
  LIBTOOL-STATIC Release/nothing.a
env: python: No such file or directory
make: *** [Release/nothing.a] Error 127
gyp ERR! build error 
gyp ERR! stack Error: `make` failed with exit code: 2
gyp ERR! stack     at ChildProcess.onExit (/Users/myname/Documents/Projects/ts-fundamentals-v3/node_modules/@npmcli/run-script/node_modules/node-gyp/lib/build.js:194:23)
gyp ERR! stack     at ChildProcess.emit (node:events:513:28)
gyp ERR! stack     at ChildProcess._handle.onexit (node:internal/child_process:291:12)
gyp ERR! System Darwin 21.6.0
gyp ERR! command "/opt/homebrew/Cellar/node/18.7.0/bin/node" "/Users/myname/Documents/Projects/ts-fundamentals-v3/node_modules/.bin/node-gyp" "rebuild"
gyp ERR! cwd /Users/myname/Documents/Projects/ts-fundamentals-v3/node_modules/sharp
gyp ERR! node -v v18.7.0

系统环境信息 #

System:
    OS: macOS 12.5
    CPU: (10) arm64 Apple M1 Max
    Memory: 108.36 MB / 32.00 GB
    Shell: 5.8.1 - /bin/zsh
  Binaries:
    Node: 18.7.0 - /opt/homebrew/bin/node
    Yarn: 1.22.19 - /opt/homebrew/bin/yarn
    npm: 8.15.0 - /opt/homebrew/bin/npm

关键错误分析 #

1. Node版本不匹配：项目volta配置指定Node版本为14.7.0，但当前系统使用的是18.7.0，导致Sharp无法找到对应架构的预编译二进制包，触发源码编译流程。
2. Python命令缺失：编译过程中提示env: python: No such file or directory，macOS 12+默认仅提供python3命令，无python软链接，导致make执行失败。

解决方案 #

1. 对齐项目指定的Node/Yarn版本 #

项目已配置volta，确保volta已安装后，在项目根目录执行：

volta install

此命令会自动切换到package.json中指定的Node 14.7.0和Yarn 1.22.10，解决版本不兼容导致的预编译包缺失问题。

2. 修复Python命令缺失问题 #

执行以下命令创建python到python3的软链接：

ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/python

或通过Homebrew安装Python并自动配置软链接：

brew install python

3. 清理缓存并重新安装依赖 #

删除现有依赖和锁文件：

rm -rf node_modules yarn.lock

重新执行安装：

yarn install

若仍存在问题，可强制Sharp使用系统已安装的libvips：

SHARP_IGNORE_GLOBAL_LIBVIPS=0 yarn install

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者madfcat